Digestive System
This enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach.
What is pepsin?
Name two diseases associated with an increased risk with obesity.
What is hypertension and heart disease?
This term is used to describe where the kidneys are located.
What is retroperitoneally?
The six primary functions of the digestive system are ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, and this final step
What is excretion?
Generated by the urea cycle, this is a relatively harmless, soluble compound produced from ammonium ions and carbon dioxide, allowing for the excretion of excess nitrogen
What is urea?
This enzyme is secreted in the saliva and breaks down carbohydrates.
What is salivary amylase?
This hormone is an important transporter of glucose into the cell to be metabolized.
What is insulin?
This is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a renal corpuscle and renal tubules
What is the nephron?
This metabolic pathway is initiated by the arrival of chyme in the duodenum and involves the release of hormones like Secretin, GIP, and CCK
What is the Intestinal Phase?
This process utilizes non-carbohydrate precursors, such as glycerol and some amino acids, to synthesize new glucose, especially during the postabsorptive state.
What is Gluconeogenesis?
Inside the intestine the small byproducts of carbohydrates are absorbed by these blood vessels.
What are capillaries?
This molecule is the byproduct of excessive lipid metabolism.
What are ketone bodies?
This number of ATP is produced from one molecule of glucose.
What is 34-38 ATP?
This largest blood reservoir in the body is responsible for metabolic regulation functions such as nutrient storage, waste product removal, and drug inactivation
What is the liver?
In response to a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the juxtaglomerular complex increases production of this enzyme, which initiates the endocrine response
What is renin?
The gallbladder secretes this molecule to breakdown lipids.
What is bile?
This term is the sum of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body.
What is metabolism?
This measurement is used to define the stages of renal failure.
What is GFR?
This three-carbon intermediate molecule is the end product of glycolysis and is transported to the mitochondria
What is pyruvate?
Bacterial inhabitants of the large intestine produce this fat-soluble vitamin, which is required by the liver for synthesizing four essential clotting factors, including prothrombin
What is Vitamin K?
Name the parts of the small intestine in order starting at the stomach end.
What are the Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum?
This lipid is a structural, integral molecule embedded in all phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes that provides stability.
What is cholesterol?
This occurs when specific molecules completely occupy their respective receptors within the nephron and have reached capacity to reabsorb any more.
What is renal threshold?
These cells of the gastric glands secrete both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor
What are parietal cells?
This is the pressure (in mm Hg) that favors filtration at the renal corpuscle, which is higher than in other capillaries
What is Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (GHP)?