Microbial Interactions
What is the term for the presence of microbes that live & grow in/on a host without causing disease?
Colonization
What term refers to a microbe whose relationship with its host is parasitic?
Pathogen
What type of infection is transmitted by contact with a contaminated item or surface?
Indirect transmission
What are the four stages in the course of infection and disease?
Incubation period, prodromal stage, period of invasion, convalescent period.
What is the initial period of an infection where symptoms are not yet present?
Prodromal stage
What is the condition in which pathogenic microorganisms penetrate host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply?
Infection
What term describes microbes capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune systems?
True pathogens
What term refers to the primary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen originates?
Reservoir
What do Koch’s Postulates help determine?
The causative agent of infection and disease.
During which stage does the infectious agent multiply at high levels and become well established in its target tissue?
Period of invasion
What term describes any deviation from health caused by infections, genetics, aging, or malfunction of systems or organs?
Disease
What is an infection called that involves more than one microbe?
Mixed infection
What is an infection that is transmitted by an animal to humans called?
Zoonosis
What is a specific chemical product of microbes that is poisonous to other organisms?
Toxin
What is the stage where the patient's symptoms begin to decline as they respond to the infection?
Convalescent period
What is the disruption of tissues or organs caused by microbes or their products?
Infectious disease
What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity of a microbe?
Virulence
What type of carrier is infected but shows no symptoms?
Asymptomatic carrier
What is a dormant state of an infectious agent called?
Latency
What are the possible outcomes of an infection after the convalescent period?
Complete recovery, chronic infection, or latency
hat are the three factors that cause disease according to your notes?
Infections, genetics, and aging.
What is the minimum number of microbes required for an infection to proceed called?
Infectious dose (ID)
What are the two types of carriers that may not show symptoms but can still spread diseases?
Passive carriers and asymptomatic carriers.
Name one limitation of Koch’s Postulates.
Some pathogens cannot be grown in the laboratory.
What is the stage where the earliest notable symptoms of infection appear?
Prodromal stage