Gene Regulation 1
The pathway by which smaller components are assembled into complex products
What is an anabolic pathway?
The pathway by which complex products are broken down to smaller components
What is a catabolic pathway?
Lipid class that is comprised of 2 fatty acid chains, a glycerol, a phosphate, and an R-group
What is a phospholipid?
Diffusion that goes WITH the concentration gradient and requires NO energy
What is passive diffusion?
The name of the inside-space of the ER is _____
What is the lumen?
Group of similarly-functioning genes under the same promoter
What is an operon?
Cytosine and guanine next to each other on the SAME strand of DNA connected by a phosphodiester bond
What is a CpG dinucleotide?
These two types of interactions (Primarily with water and itself) are what allow a fluid membrane to exist
What are hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions?
A solution is said to be _____ when the solute concentration outside of the cell is much greater than inside (cell shrivels)
What is a hypertonic solution?
In muscle cells, the smooth ER is more specifically referred to as the _____
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Developmental genes that regulate the location of where certain traits/features develop or are expressed
What is a Hox gene?
Regulatory elements which nullify the activity of enhancers and silencers
What are insulators?
This molecule is a key structural component of cell membranes AND serves as a starting molecule for hormone synthesis
What is cholesterol?
The three types (directions) of facilitated transport carrier proteins
What are uniporters, symporters, and antiporters?
The part/side of the Golgi Apparatus which receives vesicles from the ER
What is the Cis-Golgi Network (CGN)?
The protein used to cut up exposed DNA (euchromatin) to test for the expression of a gene
What is DNAse I?
RNA Pol II structures/appendages that control pre-mRNA modifications DURING transcription like splicing, capping, and tailing
What is a C-Terminal Domain (CTD)?
The antigens used in the ABO blood-type system rely on this type of molecule on the surface of the cell membrane
What are sphingoglycolipids?
An inhibitor that binds to a site which is NOT directly where the substrate binds
What is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
The family of proteins found in the smooth ER that target toxins and make them hydrophilic by adding an OH group
What are Cytochrome P450 Proteins (CYP)?
The four transcription factors used to reverse differentiated cells back into their pluripotent forms
What are Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, & C-Myc?
Sequence within an mRNA that binds to iron-dependent proteins
What is an iron-response element (IRE)?
The 3 main Omega-3 fatty acids used during metabolism are _____
What are ALA, EPA, & DHA? (Alpha-Linolenic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, & Docosahexaenoic Acid)
A type of ATPase which does NOT directly get phosphorylated and uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against their gradient
What is a V-Type ATPase Pump?
The process by which sugars are added to the amino group of an asparagine
What is N-Glycosylation?