Microbial Nutrition
This type of organism obtains its carbon in an organic form.
What is a heterotroph?
The time required for a bacterial population to double in size.
What is generation time?
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often releasing energy.
What is catabolism?
This technique is used to rapidly increase the amount of DNA in a sample.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
The process of bacteria taking up naked DNA from the environment.
What is transformation?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This phase of bacterial growth is characterized by rapid cell division.
What is the exponential (or log) phase?
This is the most common electron carrier in catabolic pathways.
What is NAD?
These enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences in genetic engineering.
What are restriction enzymes?
These are mobile genetic elements that can move within a genome.
What are transposons?
This type of transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
This method measures bacterial growth by how cloudy a solution becomes.
What is turbidity (or turbidimetry)?
This type of metabolism produces various by-products including alcoholic beverages and organic acids.
What is fermentation?
This gene-editing technology uses a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
This type of mutation results in a premature stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
STOP the NONSENSE
These organisms prefer high concentrations of salt.
What are halophiles?
This device maintains a constant bacterial population by continually supplying fresh medium and removing old medium.
What is a chemostat?
This process breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units for entry into the Krebs cycle.
What is beta-oxidation?
This field uses computational tools to analyze and interpret large-scale genomic data.
What is bioinformatics?
These are clusters of genes under the control of a single promoter in bacteria and archaea.
What are operons?
These organisms exist under pressures up to 1,000 times that of the atmosphere.
What are barophiles?
In this state, cells in the death phase stay alive but are dormant and won't grow on culture medium.
What is the viable but non culturable phase?
This pathway is used by E. coli to consume mucus secreted by intestinal epithelium.
What is the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway?
This type of vaccine involves inserting microbial DNA into a plasmid vector which is then taken up by human cells.
What is a DNA vaccine?
This process involves a bacteriophage serving as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell.
What is transduction?