Skeletal System Introduction
The hollow region in the center of the diaphysis filled with yellow bone marrow.
What is the medullary cavity?
Before bone formation, the embryonic skeleton is primarily composed of _____________.
What is mesenchymal connective tissue?
A fracture in which at least one end of the bone tears through the skin.
An immobile or nearly immobile joint.
What is a synarthosis?
This term refers to excessive lateral curvature of the vertebral column.
What is scoliosis?
Bone matrix is mostly comprised of these two substances.
What are collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite?
These bones undergo the process of intermembranous ossification.
What are the cranial bones, facial bones, and clavicles?
During the process of bone repair after a fracture, the external callus is made up of ____________.
What is hyaline cartilage?
A condylar joint allows for movement along these anatomical planes.
What are the sagittal and frontal anatomical planes?
This curvatures of the vertebral column are considered primary curvatures.
What are the thoracic and sacral curvatures?
The location of red bone marrow in an adult.
What are the bones of the axial skeleton and the proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur?
The zones of the epiphyseal plate in order from epiphyseal end to diaphyseal end.
In the case of hypercalcemia, the body will release this hormone.
What is calcitonin?
Given the intertarsal joint, provide the structural classification (including subcategory), functional classification, and possible movements.
Structural - Synovial [Plane]
Functional - Diarthrotic
Movements - Eversion/Inversion
The 3 arches of the foot.
The four types of bone cells and their functions.
What are
Osteogenic cells --> divide and differentiate
Osteblasts --> synthesize new bone matrix
Osteocytes --> trapped in caclified bone matrix that they maintain
Osteoclasts --> bone resorption/break down
After endochondrial ossification is complete, cartilage remains in these two locations on the long bone.
What are the epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage?
Women generally suffer a greater loss of bone density as they age compared to men due to ____________. Putting them at a greater risk for ___________ (disease).
What are low estrogen levels due to menopause and osteoperosis?
Name the 6 subcategories for synovial joints.
What are
1) Plane 2) Pivot 3) Hinge 4) Saddle 5) Condylar 6) Ball and Socket
The bones the make up the orbit of the skull.
What are the palatine, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, frontal, maxilla and lacrimal bones.
The 5 bone classifications based on shape and an example of each.
What are
Long Bones - Femur
Short Bones - Carpals
Flat Bones - Sternum
Irregular Bones - Vertebrae
Sesamoid Bones - Patella
During step 3 of Endochondrial Ossification, osteogenic cells are introduced into the tissue of the diaphysis by ____________.
What are invading blood vessels?
Calcium is essential for these four physiological processes.
What are bone density, muscle contraction, nerve signaling and blood coagulation?
The general features of the synovial joint cavity.
What are
The arcticular capsule - Fibrous/Synovial layers
Articular cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
Four features that differentiate the female and male pelvis.
What are
Bone weight/size
Width from ASIS to ASIS
The pubic angle
The width and height of the true pelvis