Water
What is polar covalent
The description of a hydration shell
What is a sphere of water molecules that surrounds each ion of an ionic compound when it is dissolved in water
What is
- 1 cal = the heat required to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1°C
- kilocalories are the calories on food packages
- joule a unit of energy
The description of hydrocarbons
What is organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
The key points about carbon
What is
-it has four valence electrons which allows it to be able to form 4 covalent bonds.
-can form a tetrahedral shape when bonded to four different atoms but when two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms joined to the carbons are
in the same plane as the carbons
Can water absorb/release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temp
What is yes
The difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
What is hydrophilic is a substance that has a affinity for water and hydrophobic is a substance that does not have an affinity for water
The description of specific heat
What is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1°C
The description of isomers
What is compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
The ways carbon skeletons can vary
What is by length, branching, double bond position & presence of rings
What is a high surface tension due to hydrogen bond between the molecules at the air-water interface and the water below
The term for compounds that donate OH- or absorb H+
What is bases
The difference between enantiomers and cis-trans isomers
What is
-cis-trans isomers: have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements
- enantiomers: are isomers that are mirror images of each other
The description of ATP
What is its an organic phosphate also known as adenosine triphosphate
The four properties of water
What is
1. cohesive behavior ( and adhesive)
2. ability to moderate temp
3. expands upon freezing (ice floats in liquid water)
4. versatility as a solvent (is the principal solvent in living things
The term for compounds that donate H+ (protons)
What is acids
The 7 functional groups important for life
What is
-Hydroxyl Group
-Carbonyl Group
-Amino Group
-Carboxyl Group
-Phosphate Group
-Methyl Group
-Sulfhydryl Group
The composition of ATP
What is Adenosine, three phosphate groups (tri-phosphate) & Ribose
The difference between cohesion and adhesion in reference of water
What is cohesion is hydrogen bond bonding water molecules together and adhesion being the attraction between water and plant cell walls
The way water dissociates into ions
What is HOH -> H+ + OH-
Group the Functional Groups as polar/nonpolar or weakly acidic/basic
What is
- Polar = Hydroxyl Groups & Carbonyl Groups & Phosphate Groups
- Nonpolar = Sulfhydryl Groups & Methyl groups
- Acidic = Carboxyl Groups
- Basic = Amino Groups
The ATP to ADP Reaction
The ATP to ADP reaction is where water is used to break down ATP which causes it to lose a phosphate group