Prokaryotic CC
One of the three reasons that cells replicate?
Growth, Repair, Reproduction
How many chromosome pairs are there in a regular human cell?
23
Give one reason a cell might need to undergo apoptosis
Malfunctions, is damaged & needs repair, or is no longer necessary
What is the name of the cell that is formed after a sperm cell fertilises an egg cell?
Zygote
Name 2 of the 4 base pairs of DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Name the correct order of phases of the entire cell cycle (including the stages of Interphase)
G1, S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Name the two different pathways of apoptosis
Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) & Death Receptor (Extrinsic)
What is the difference between totipotent and pluripotent stem cells?
Totipotent - Differentiate into any cell including embryo
Pluripotent - Differentiate into any body cell excluding embryo/placenta
What happens during the first step of binary fission?
DNA and plasmids replicate and peel over the top of the original before attaching to the other end of the cell's membrane
During metaphase, the spindle fibres form and attach to which part of the chromosome (must use correct term)
Centromere
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for the destruction of the cell cytoskeleton?
Caspase
Name of cell that is typically seen as pluripotent?
Blastocyst
What is the role of the Z-Ring during binary fission?
Contract and pull in the membrane in to eventually create a septum to start dividing the cell into two.
Name one key thing that happens during anaphase
Spindle fibres contract, splitting the centromere and pull the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell.
Give one reason on a cellular level that can lead to people getting diagnosed with cancer
Malfunction/mutation of the cell receptors, caspases not getting created, faulty signalling
Blood cells can give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. This is an example of which type of potency?
Multipotent
Name the enzyme that is responsible for synthesising new DNA strands during DNA replication.
DNA Polymerase
Name / describe the structure of a chromosome (again use correct terminology)
DNA strands wrapped around histone proteins
What happens to the contents of the cell after it shrinks and breaks down?
Blebs form that contain organelles etc, and are then engulfed and digested using lysosomes.
Name the three germ layer cells that can form from pluripotent cells
Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm