Chapters 1 and 2
Living things contain certain characteristics that define life. These are?
Growth, evolve, Acquire/ utilize energy, respond to stimuli, maintain complexity, undergo homeostasis, reproduce.
Dehydration synthesis is...
Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that links monomers together when water is removed during the reaction
Substances that can be dissolved are...
Solutes
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
The first law of thermodynamics
What is the cause of evolution?
Natural Selection
Life can be studied at different levels. What are the levels of biological organization?
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, species, populations, communities, biosphere
Monosaccharides are simple sugars. Some examples of simple sugars are...
glucose, fructose (fruit sugar), Galactose (found in milk), and ribose/ deoxyribose
Walking up a flight of stairs would be an example of active or passive transport?
Active transport
Chlorophyll in thylakoids captures light energy and converts it into energy-carrying molecules. This is part of what?
Light reactions
The cytoskeleton provides...
The cytoskeleton provides shape, support, and movement
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles these are?
protons, electrons, and neutrons
Dissacharides conist of?
Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked
Sugary drinks are...
Hypertonic solutions
Chloroplasts contain a primary pigment that absorbs violet, blue, and red light, reflecting green light
Chlorophyll a
The Calvin cycle takes place in ...
The stroma
Chemical bonds hold atoms together in molecules. These chemical bonds involve gaining, losing, and sharing electrons. What are these bonds?
Ionic bonds: bonds are electrical attractions between positive and negative ions
Hydrogen bonds: bonds between parts of polar molecules
Covalent bonds: formed through the sharing of electrons
What are the parts of a phospholipid?
A phospholipid contains two fatty acid tails(hydrophobic), one glycerol, and one phosphate group/ head (hydrophilic)
A molecule that competes with the substrate for the active site of an enzyme is a...
Competitive inhibitor
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?
Pyruvate
A virus is not alive, but...
This claim is currently being challenged
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of electrons
Out of the following organelles, which are found within a plant and which are found within an animal?
plastids, centrioles, central vacuole, cilia, and flagella
Animals: cilia, flagella, centrioles
Plants: plastids, central vacuole
ATP is composed of...
Nitrogen- containing base, adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups
Glycolysis produces what
2 net ATP, 2 pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH
Chemiosmosis is used to generate what?
ATP