Behavioral Biology
What is a fixed action pattern?
Preset path in the nervous system from exposure to a key stimulus
Where chemicals increase in concentration as you move up the food chain
Biomagnification
What is a community?
Groups of species interacting with each other
What is a population?
A group of organism in one place and time
What is an ecosystem?
Includes all living organisms in a particular place, plus the abiotic environment in which they live and interact
Can natural selection act on behavioral traits? If so, are there any restrictions?
Yes
Behavior has to be underlain by genetic variation
Acid rain is an example of what human effect on the biosphere?
Freshwater pollution
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
•Primary succession – begins on bare, lifeless substrate
•Secondary succession – where an existing community has been disturbed but organisms still remain
What is Allen's Rule of Reduced Surface Area
Mammals from colder climates have shorter ears and limbs
What are the three main parts of the water cycle?
Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation
What makes a eusocial society eusocial?
Not all individuals reproduce
What are the large water currents called?
Gyres
Define Mutualism, Commensalism, and Exploitative interactions
(+,+); (+,0); (+,-)
What are the 3 characteristics of population ecology?
1.Population range
2.Pattern of spacing of individuals within a range
3.How population changes in size through time
CO2 is released to the atmosphere by autotrophs and heterotrophs by the process of
Respiration
Define and give me an example of associative learning.
Changes in behavior through association of two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response
Draw and label the different patterns of spacing for individuals within a range
Random, Clumped, Uniform
What is the difference between a realized and fundamental niche?
Realized is the actual set of environmental conditions in which species can establish a stable population
Fundamental is the entire niche that a species is capable of using
Draw and label logistic growth, exponential growth. (include a line for carrying capcity)
.
What is the difference between top down effects and bottom up effects?
•Top-down effects – changes in top-level consumers effect composition of and structure of lower level producers
•Bottom-up effects occur when changes in producers affect consumers
What are the four levels of animal behavior?
List and Describe
-Physiology: how behavior is influenced by physiological factors like hormones
- Ontogeny: how behavior develops
- Phylogeny: behavior's evolutionary origin
- Adaptive significance: behavior's role in survival and fitness
What are the 8 biomes?
1.Tropical Rainforest
2.Savanna
3.Desert
4.Grassland
5.Deciduous forest
6.Evergreen forest
7.Taiga
8.Tundra
What are the three stages of succession in order?
Establishment, Facilitation, Inhibition
Draw and label survivorship curves.
.
Draw the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
Sun -> Producers -> Primary consumers -> secondary consumers. producers and consumers are eaten by detritovores. all give off heat.