Unit 1 (Beginnings and Basics)
When faced with adversity and change to an environment, it is important to do this in order to survive and thrive
BONUS: is this always positive?
What is adapt?
BONUS: no, it is neutral
This plant life cycle term refers to the switching between multicellular haploid and diploid stages
What is alternation of generations?
Although both plants and animals utilize hormones, animals more sophisticated than sponges can intertwine hormones with this system
What is the nervous system?
This is how muscles are able to exert force
What is contracting?
Although only two tend to initially come to mind, all four of these factors impact population size
What are birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration?
Either aerobic or anaerobic, all living organisms must perform some sort of this to gain usable energy
What is cellular respiration?
While their roots stop them from roaming, plants can still move in response to change through this growth trait
What is phenotypic plasticity?
This system, noted in both plants and animals, utilizes specialized tissues to transport important nutrients throughout the body
BONUS: what is the shared main driving force of this in plants and animals?
What is the vascular system?
BONUS: pressure
These are the three common distribution styles and their common causes
BONUS: give examples of organisms that follow each
What are...
clumped - local good environment or strength in numbers
uniform - individuals repel each other
random - no overall positive or negative factors or abundant resources
BONUS: wolf packs or fish schooling; penguins; dandelions or other wind dispersed plants
An example of convergent evolution, this long tail acts as a propeller, allowing for movement in all three domains
What is flagella?
Active transport requires energy because it pumps ions against the direction they would travel by diffusion, thus against this
BONUS: What is one example of this answer used by plants?
What is a concentration gradient?
BONUS: nutrient uptake, water uptake, load sieve tubes, etc
This trait in mammalian circulatory system causes superior circulation when compared to other animals
What is a completely four chambered heart?
ATP causes this important step in the muscle cycle when it binds to myosin
What is detaching from the actin filament?
A good parasite avoids killing their host, but this exploitation type almost always has a deadly result
What is predation?
A polyphyletic group within Eukarya excludes these three kingdoms, joked to have been sectioned so we would not be considered Protists.
What are land plants, fungi, and animals?
Ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhizae represent this type of relationship between plants and fungi
What is mutualistic?
While plants are also noted to have three tissue types that grow with plasticity, animals grow in a set body plan combination of these three main tissue types with specific functions that differ from those found in plants
What are epithelial, neural, and muscle?
Motor neurons release this hormone to stimulate contraction
What are sympatric populations?
A unicellular organism with a nuclear envelope and membrane enclosed organelles is likely part of this polyphyletic group
What are protists?
Although it won't give plants an attitude like in humans, plants use this process to initiate local changes using chemicals made anywhere in the plant
What is hormonal signaling?
Animal lives are supported through several systems to maintain homeostasis, name at least three
What are respiratory, circulatory/vascular, digestive, endocrine, nervous, excretory, neuroendocrine, immune, reproductive, etc.
The different pathways through which botulinum toxin and tetanus neurotoxin both cause paralysis
BONUS: which type of paralysis is caused by each
What is blocking acetylcholine release and preventing contraction inhibition?
BONUS: flaccid from botulinum toxin, spastic from tetanus neurotoxin
This under-researched type of relationship between two species is quite interesting as it represents a null hypothesis
What is commensalism?