Themes of Biology
The _____ is the most basic unit of life.
cell
How many valence electrons make a full shell?
8
What bond is found between individual molecules of water?
Hydrogen Bonds
Sugar is an example of a ___________
carbohydrate
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukarya
What are the 4 nucleotides found in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)
List these from strongest to weakest...
Ionic Bonds, Van der Waals, Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds, Van der Waals
Whats the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion - sticking to itself
Adhesion - Sticking to something else
Can lipids be mixed into water easily? Why or why not?
No, the molecules are non polar hydrophobic molecules so they cannot mix
What is a solute and a solvent?
Solute - The thing getting dissolved
Solvent - The thing doing the dissolving
Where does all energy come from?
The sun.
Covalent bonds _______ electrons, while Ionic bonds _______ electrons.
Share, Completely Give/Take
Name a reason why we rely on waters evaporative properties.
Sweating to cool off (others may be right too but this is the one I thought of)
What elements make up lipids?
CHO
Calculate the pH
[H+] 10-3
3
What are the 7 properties of life?
Order, Evolutionary Adaptation (DNA), Regulation (Homeostasis), Energy Processing, Growth and Development, and Response to Environment.
Which elements make up for 96% of all living mater?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Why does ice need to be less dense than water?
So life can thrive, if the ocean froze from the bottom up, it wouldn't be able to sustain life.
How many stages are there to protein synthesis? Name them.
4, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
What happens in hydrolysis? What happens in dehydration reactions?
Hydrolysis BREAKS a molecule by adding water.
Dehydration reactions GLUE molecules together by removing water.
What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?
Positive feedback is when the end product speeds up
its own production
Negative feedback is when the response reduces the initial stimulus
What causes polarity?
One atom is more electronegative than the others and bonded through a covalent bond causing an uneven share of electrons. (Resulting in partial charges)
If an anion is placed in water, which direction will the water molecules orient around it?
The Hydrogens will facte the anion since it has a - charge and they have a partial positive charge
Why cant DNA go straight to proteins? Why do we need RNA?
DNA->RNA->Protein
DNA doesn't speak the language needed to make proteins, so it needs to be transcribed into RNA
What is an isomer? What types can we have?
Isomer - compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Cis-Trans Isomers, Enantiomers, Structural Isomers