Anatomy
what part of the brain regulates voluntary movement?
basal ganglia
Someone with anterograde amnesia has difficulty with...
forming new memories
What does an agonist drug do?
binds to a receptor site and mimics the activity of neurotransmitters, thereby causing the same effect as the neurotransmitter itself
(Thorazine), haloperidol (Haldol), thioridazine (Mellaril), and fluphenizine (Prolixin) are all first generation ______.
Antipsychotics
Which photoreceptors are responsible for perspective of color?
Cones!!!!!
What is the network of neurons that extend from the medulla into the midbrain and is responsible for regulation of muscle tone, coordination of eye movements, and control of pain?
Reticular formation
expressive aphasia and nonfluent aphasia are caused by damage to?
Broca's Area
5-hydroxytryptamine is also known as....
serotonin!!
What's the difference between how SSRIs and SNRIs work?
SNRIs treat depression through inhibition of the reuptake of serotonin in addition to norepinephrine at synapses
Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra are associated with what disease?
Parkinsons
What are the three main structures of the limbic system?
amygdala, cingulate cortex, and hippocampus
What happens when someone has damage to occipital lobe resulting in cortical blindness?
eyes and optic nerves are still intact --> Blindsight: they do not consciously see a visual stimulus but have appropriate physiological and behavioral responses to it (e.g., they reach for objects they claim they cannot see).
anxiety
Buproprion (Wellbutrin) is used to treat depression as well as to support individuals with what health behavior?
Smoking cessation
When in the lifespan do we spend the most time in active REM sleep?
Newborn infants
Responsible for maintaining the body's homeostasis + regulated pituitary gland functioning
Hypothalamus!!!!
What is the condition involving damage to the parietal lobe which causes a denial or lack of awareness of one’s disabilities?
Anosognosia
Excessive levels of what neurotransmitter in the caudate nucleus have been linked to Tourette's disorder?
Dopamine
How do Galantamine (Razadyne), rivastigmine (Exelon), and donepezil (Aricept) slow the progression of alzheimers?
by increasing cholinergic activity (i.e., by preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine)
Withdrawal from which substances can be fatal?
alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
Which of the 5 senses is an exception to typical brain lateralization hemisphere dominance?
smell: odors that enter the left nostril are transmitted directly to the left hemisphere, and vice versa
How does the experience of pain change for people who have damage to the cingulate cortex?
they can experience pain but are not emotionally distressed by it.
According to the catecholamine hypothesis, some forms of depression are caused by a deficiency of what excitatory neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
Patients taking MAOIs may experience a hypertensive crisis when they eat foods with what compound?
Tyramine
What two systems does LeDoux's two system theory identify as contributing to fear?