I'm Hearing Voices
I'm a Bundle of Nerves!
I'm Feeling Blue :-(
I have No Idea what we are doing!
I need a cocktail!
100
Schizophrenia is characterized by these 3 categories of symptoms.
What are positive, negative, and cognitive.
100
This region of the brain is critically involved in emotions, and appears to play a role in anxiety disorders.
What is the amygdala? Individuals with anxiety show increased activation of the amygdala.
100
_______ is a safe and effective treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
What is phototherapy? Light serves as a zeitgeber - it synchronizes the activity of the biological clock to the day-night cycle. SAD is the result of a mismatch between cycles of sleep and cycles of melatonin secretion.
100
ADHD is primarily characterized by ______ & _______.
What is behavioral inhibition & emotional impulsivity?
100
Addictive drugs produce ______, which results in additional use (drug-taking behavior).
What is positive reinforcement? Most people, though, who are exposed to addictive drugs - even those with a high potential for abuse - do not become addicts. Addiction is likely strongly affected by heredity, particularly addiction to alcohol & nicotine.
200
The late adolescence age of onset of schizophrenia suggests that the disease may begin to develop _____ and then lie _____ until puberty.
What prenatally; dormant.
200
Anxiety disorders, as a whole, are characterized by _____ behavior.
What is avoidance?
200
As a potential treatment for depression, studies suggest that ______ can induce neurogenesis (the production of new neurons) in the human brain, which in turn can improve depressive symptoms.
What is exercise?
200
Children with ADHD lag in ____________ by as much as ___ % compared to their same age peers.
What is executive functioning (EF); 30-40%.
200
Long-term drug use is associated with decreased activity in the _______, and even decreased _____, which may impair people's judgement and inhibition.
What is the prefrontal cortex; prefrontal gray matter.
300
Many pieces of evidence suggest that the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are the result of _____.
What are brain abnormalities that look similar to those produced by brain damage?
300
fMRI studies have shown increased activity in the ______ and _____ (regions of the brain) in people with OCD.
What is the caudate nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?
300
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) works faster/slower (pick one) than antidepressants, producing a ______ effect.
What is faster; anticonvulsant?
300
People with ADHD have been shown (in neuro-imaging studies) to have ________ brains.
What is smaller, less active, & less developed?
300
The susceptibility of adolescents to the addictive potential of drugs of abuse may be associated with the relative immaturity of the ______.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
400
This is the most common biological explanation for schizophrenia.
What is the dopamine hypothesis - suggesting that positive symptoms of schizophrenia are cause by over activity of synapses between dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area and neurons in the nucleas accumbens and amygdala.
400
_____ is a known infection-related (non-genetic) cause of a rapid onset of OCD.
What is PANDAS? Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcoal Infections.
400
_____ depletion, which is the precursor to serotonin in the brain, can cause depression in people with a family history of the disease.
What is tryptophan?
400
The heritability of ADHD is most closely similar to the hertiability of ______.
What is height? Consider this for a moment....children with ADHD are more likely to have parent(s) with ADHD, which can compound the difficulties they experience. These children are more likely to have comorbid dx's like ODD.
400
Cocaine inhibits the reuptake of ______.
What is dopamine?
500
A potential finding pointing to an environmental impact on the development of schizophrenia suggests that people born during _____ are more likely to develop schizophrenia. This phenomena is known as ______.
What late winter/early spring and the seasonality effect. Bonus 100 points - what factors may be cause the seasonality effect?
500
In patients with severe OCD, a _________, is a successful treatment option.
What is a cingulotomy? A surgical destruction of specific fiber bundles in the subcortical frontal lobe, including the cingulum bundle (which connects the prefrontal and cingulate cortex with the limbic cortex of the temporal lobe) and a region that contains fibers that connect the basal ganglia with the prefrontal cortex.
500
Surprisingly, one of the most effective antidepressant treatments is the suppression of _____.
What is REM sleep? The therapeutic effect, like the SSRIs, takes place over several weeks, and effects are shown even after the deprivation is discontinued. In fact, total sleep deprivation has an antidepressant effect as well, producing immediate effects! Unfortunately, the depression will return following a normal night's sleep :-/. It typically works best in people whose moods fluctuate.
500
Medications for ADHD are considered to be neuro-_____, meaning that _____.
What is protective; kids who take them do much better than kids who don't.
500
Withdrawl from long-term alcohol abuse can lead to ______, an effect that may be caused by withdrawl-induced activation of the _____ receptors.
What is seizures; NMDA.
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