Thermodynamics and Energy
When a final product inhibits an enzyme found earlier in the pathway?
Feedback inhibition
Fill in the following blanks for the glycolysis equation.
Glucose + _____ + 2NAD+ -->
2 ______ + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+
1. 2ATP
2. pyruvic acid
___ + H20 + Light energy --> O2 + _______
What belongs in the two blanks of the photosynthesis equation?
1. CO2
2. CH2O
What is the cell cycle phase that the cell is most commonly in?
Interphase
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
Fixation, reduction, regeneration
What are examples of where potential energy is stored?
Chemical bonds, electrical, and chemical gradients.
What is the enzyme that catalyzes reactions in the formation of Acetyl-CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
In photosystem II, what is the final electron acceptor? Photoststem I?
II. Plastoquinone (PQ)
I. NADP+ Reductase
Somatic cells are known as what? And have how many total chromosomes?
Diploid (2n) & 46
Fill in the blanks for the equation of photosystem II?
_____ --> 4__ + 4H+ +O2
2H2O & e-
When wood or natural gas is burned, it is a what process? (Think chemical reactions)
Exergonic
For every Acetyl-CoA entering into the citric acid cycle, what else enters?
3NAD+ & 1FAD
What energy state do red photons excite electrons to?
Blue photons?
Red - First
Blue - Second
The checkpoint where the chromosomes are attached to the spindle to ensure proper segregation
M checkpoint
After the first three steps of cellular respiration, what energy molecules have been made?
10NADH, 2FADH2, & 4ATP
Oxidation is the _____ portion of a reaction, and reduction is the _____ portion.
Exergonic and endergonic
Once glucose is fully oxidized where is its energy temporarily stored?
NADH & FADH2
What links and shuttles electrons from PSII to PSI?
Plastocyanin
Cytoskeletal components actin and myosin interact with contractile proteins to create what
Cleavage Furrow
Why do we only produce 29 ATP after cellular respiration, rather than 38?
The membrane leaks H+, so not all is utilized.
When a regulatory molecule binds to a site other than an active site and changes the enzyme's shape?
Allosteric regulation
What are the four main components of ATP synthase?
F0 - Rotor
F1 - ADP + Pi
Shaft - Connects F0 & F1
Stator - Stabilizer
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one carbohydrate and regenerate RuBP?
Hint: It says carb, not glucose
3 turns
The process of rapid cellular division, tumor creation, and spreads throughout the body
Metastasis
If O2 is not available for a short period, cells can still function through what process?
Fermentation