Carbohydrates
What are the monomer and polymer of Carbohydrates?
Monomer: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose)
Polymer: Polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides joined together such as starch, glycogen, cellulose)
What is the monomer and polymer of lipids?
Monomers: Fatty Acid, glycerol
Polymers: Triglycerides, Phospholipids
What are the monomer and polymer of Proteins?
Monomers: Amino Acids
Polymers: Polypeptides
What are the monomer and polymer of Nucleic Acids?
Monomers: Nucleotides
Polymers: DNA, RNA
Carbohydrates are important for what 2 key functions?
Energy storage and structural support
What elements make up carbohydrates? And what's the ratio formula for carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen
Ratio Formula:
CH2O
(1C:2H:1O)
Are lipids soluble in water?
No, they are insoluble and are hydrophobic.
What bond links amino acid monomers together?
Peptide Bond
What are the 5 nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA?
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)
Phospholipids are major components of what structure?
Cell membranes
Name the Structural Polysaccharides found in Fungi and many algae? (e.g their arthropods exoskeleton)
Chitin
How does saturated fat structure differ from unsaturated?
Saturated fats have only single bonds, unsaturated have double bonds
Which level of structure relates to the 3D shape of a protein?
Tertiary
In the DNA double helix, adenine pairs with what other base?
Thymine
What type of molecule makes good signals and messenger types?
Proteins (like hormones)
Name the storage polysaccharide found in animals vs plants.
Animals: Glycogen
Plants: Starch
Which type of fat, saturated or unsaturated, is typically solid at room temperature?
& What's the origin for both?
Saturated: Solid at room Temperature and usually from animals.
Unsaturated: Liquid at room Temperature and usually from plants.
What is the general structure of amino acids?
H - R =O
N - C - C
H- H -OH
Does DNA or RNA contain thymine? Uracil?
Thymine: DNA, not RNA.
Uracil: RNA not DNA.
Enzymes are examples of what class of molecule?
Proteins