DNA and RNA
Which molecule contains the instructions for making proteins?
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Protein
D) ATP
B) DNA
Where does transcription occur?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleus
D) Golgi Apparatus
C) Nucleus
Where does translation take place?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi body
D) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
Which RNA carries genetic information from DNA?
A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) cRNA
C) mRNA
What is a change in DNA called?
A) Deletion
B) Mutation
C) Translation
D) Duplication
B) Mutation
What sugar is found in RNA?
A) Glucose
B) Deoxyribose
C) Ribose
D) Sucrose
C) Ribose
Which enzyme builds RNA from a DNA template?
A) DNA helicase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Enzyme #1
B) RNA polymerase
What is a group of three mRNA bases called?
A) Triplet
B) Codon
C) Gene
D) Chromatid
B) Codon
Which RNA has an anticodon that matches a codon?
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) pRNA
C) tRNA
A mutation replacing one base with another is a:
A) Frameshift
B) Inversion
C) Substitution
D) Deletion
C) Substitution
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A) Thymine
B) Cytosine
C) Uracil
D) Adenine
C) Uracil
Which type of RNA is made during transcription?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) All of the above
A) mRNA
Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) ATP
B) tRNA
What structure reads the mRNA and builds proteins?
A) Golgi
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
What kind of mutation involves adding or removing a base?
A) Insertion or deletion
B) Substitution
C) Duplication
D) Translocation
A) Insertion or deletion
How many strand(s) does RNA typically have?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 1
D) 1
What happens right after transcription in eukaryotic cells?
A) The DNA leaves the nucleus
B) Translation begins immediately
C) The mRNA is edited and leaves the nucleus
D) Ribosomes attach to the DNA
C) The mRNA is edited and leaves the nucleus
What would match the DNA codon "TAC" in mRNA?
A) GUA
B) UGA
C) AUG
D) CGU
C) AUG
Which part of tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon?
A) The ribose backbone
B) The amino acid site
C) The anticodon
D) The start codon
C) The anticodon
Which of these could cause a mutation in DNA?
A) Drinking water
B) Normal breathing
C) UV radiation from the sun
D) Eating vegetables
C) UV radiation from the sun
What is the name of the process where DNA makes a copy of itself?
A) Translation
B) Replication
C) Transcription
D) Duplication
B) Replication
What is the main job of transcription in protein synthesis?
A) To cut up the DNA into pieces
B) To convert mRNA into amino acids
C) To make an RNA copy of a DNA gene
D) To help proteins fold into shape
C) To make an RNA copy of a DNA gene
What does the ribosome "read" during translation to build a protein?
A) DNA bases
B) Protein chains
C) mRNA codons
D) tRNA anticodons
C) mRNA codons
What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?
A) Hydrogen bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Covalent bond
C) Peptide bond
Which of the following mutations would most likely stop a protein from being made?
A) One base is swapped, but the amino acid stays the same
B) A base is added that causes a gene to double
C) A stop signal appears too early in the mRNA
D) One amino acid is changed to another
C) A stop signal appears too early in the mRNA