Gene Expression
The process in which RNA is synthesized using information in the DNA
Transcription
These gram-negative heterotrophs spiral through their environment using rotating, internal, flagellum-like filaments. Many are free living, but others are notorious pathogenic parasites
Spirochetes
A relationship in which both organisms benefit
Mutualism
Bacterial cell walls are composed of?
Peptidolycan
Gene movement between members of different species
Horizontal gene transfer
Translation occurs at what site in the cell?
The ribosomes
These gram-negative photoautotrophs are the only prokaryotes with plant-like, oxygen-generating photosynthesis.
Cyanobacteria
A technique to classify bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall composition
Gram stain
An organism that requires a high-saline environment to survive
Extreme halophiles
Prokaryotes have three mechanisms that promote genetic recombination, what are they?
Transformation, transduction, conjugation
A series of three nucleotides in the gene that specify the amino acids of a polypeptide chain
Triplet code
These parasites can survive only within animal cells, depending on their hosts for resources as basic as ATP. They have gram-negative walls that are unusual as they lack peptidoglycan.
Chlamydias
Directed movement toward or away from a stimulus
Taxis
A dense layer of polysaccharide or protein surrounding the cell
wall of many prokaryotes. Helps to protect the cell against dehydration
Capsule
A heritable change in DNA that results from unrepaired DNA damage or errors during DNA replication
Mutation
The stop codons are?
UAA, UAG, UGA
A large and diverse clade of gram-negative bacteria that includes photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs
Proteobacteria
Can utilize only oxygen to produce ATP, does not undergo fermentation or anaerobic respiration
Obligate aerobes
A thick-coated resistant cell produced by certain bacteria
when exposed to harsh conditions
Endospore
The one-way transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined by a pilus
Conjugation
Translate the following strand of DNA:
5'-UCAAUAGGUCAUAGA-3'
Ser-Ile-Gly-His-Arg
This subgroup includes the slime-secreting myxobacteria. When the soil dries out or food is scarce, the cells congregate into a fruiting body that releases resistant myxospores.
Delta Proteobacteria
An organism that takes inorganic chemicals and transforms it into energy
Chemoautorophs
The flagella is powered by?
The diffusion of protons into the cells after ATP-driven pump in the motor pumps them out
A bacteriophage carries prokaryotic genes from one host to another. The recipient cells incorporate foreign DNA by homologous exchange.
Transduction