Taxonomy & Classification
The broadest category in biological classification
What is Kingdom?
This term refers to all the living and nonliving components of a particular area that interact with each other
What is an ecosystem?
This molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information and is composed of nucleotides containing sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases.
What is DNA?
This process results in two identical diploid cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
This structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for producing most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP
What is the mitochondrion?
These are the "three gardens of life."
What are the Linnaean Lawn, Evolutionary Tree, Creationist Orchard?
This is the process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms capture light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
What is photosynthesis?
In Mendelian genetics, this term describes an allele that is expressed when at least one copy is present, even if only one of the two chromosomes carries it.
What is the dominant allele?
This stage of mitosis is when the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This is the outer layer of the cell, composed of a lipid bilayer, that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the cell membrane?
The system of classification used to categorize organisms into groups like Kingdom, Phylum, and Species is based on this scientist's work.
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
These are organisms that break down dead material and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem
What are decomposers?
These are alternative versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome
What is the allele?
In this phase of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated into different cells.
What is anaphase I?
This process, which occurs in the nucleus, involves copying a gene's DNA sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is transcription?
These are the two categories of classification that were NOT in Linnaeus' original system.
What are Phylum & Family?
A food chain begins with this type of organism, which produces its own food through photosynthesis
What are autotrophs?
This term refers to the physical expression of an organism’s genotype—what it looks like on the outside
What is the phenotype?
The process in meiosis that ensures more genetic variation
What is crossing over?
These organelles are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences
What are ribosomes?
This is the correct order of the seven major classification categories, starting with the most general.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
This type of relationship occurs when two species live in close physical proximity, and at least one benefits, but neither is harmed
What is mutualism?
A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid, essentially acting as the 'words' of the genetic code.
What is a codon?
This is the result of meiosis, where the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to create gametes.
What is four haploid cells?
This part of the cell is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins before they are transported to their destinations
What is the Golgi Body?