Biology Basics
What are the three domains of life?
Eukarya, bacteria, archaea
What is the atomic weight of an atom tell us?
It's the total weight of neutrons, protons, and electrons.
What are three special things about water?
1) cohesion (can stick together)
2) ability to moderate temperature
3) Expansion upon freezing (lighter in solid form)
4) universal solvent
Are fats polar or non polar?
Nonpolar.
What are the four classes of molecules?
Lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA--> RNA--> Proteins
What varies from isotope to isotope?
The number of neutrons.
Does a [H+] mean the liquid is acidic or basic?
Acidic!
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
2 electrons! Each orbital has a specific number of subshells.
What bond are two monosaccharides joined by?
glycosidic linkage
What are the five unifying themes of life?
1) organization
2) transmission and expression of genetic information
3) transfer of energy
4) interactions
5) evolution
Covalent bonds mean what is happening between atoms? What kind of bond is this (strong/weak)?
They are sharing electrons. This is a strong bond.
What is the pH of something that has a [H+] of 10^-5?
pH=5
What functional group is -NH2?
Amino
What lipids primarily makes up our cellular membranes?
Phospholipids.
What are the three key points of evolution?
1) population must have variation
2) most advantageous trait is heritable
3) long periods of time are required for traits to be common in population
What are Van der Waals interactions?
Attractions between two polar sections of an atom (when all the e- are gathered at one side by chance for instance).
What are the purpose of buffers?
They help keep the pH stable in a solution.
What does aliphatic mean?
Hydrocarbons
What is a codon?
Three letter combination of nucleic acids that codes for a specific amino acid part of a polypeptide chain.
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive --> specific observations lead to broader generalizations
Deductive --> general principle lead to applying it to predict specific results
How many grams of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) would you need to have 5 moles?
194 g/mol, multiply by 5 to get 970 g for five moles
What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution with a pH of 6? Is this acidic or basic?
[H+] = 10^-6
[OH-] = 10^-8
This is more acidic!
What do cis and trans isomers have in common?
A double bond.
Which direction is DNA synthesized?
from 5' to 3'