Topic 1: Science of Cell Biology
The simplest collection of matter that can be living
What is the cell?
This type of functional group contains a double-bonded oxygen and often a single-bonded hydrogen
What is a carbonyl functional group?
This is how energy is involved during hydrolysis reactions [an addition of H2O]
What is energy release?
These are proteins that increase reaction rate, but aren't consumed
What are enzymes?
This is how the synthesis of new DNA occurs
What is DNA replication?
A portion of the scientific method that is crucial in verifying the effects of the independent variable are legitimate
What is a control (group)?
Although not very strong, this type of chemical bond joins the base pairs in DNA
What are hydrogen bonds?
This structural polysaccharide is only found in the cell walls of plants
What is cellulose?
This type of reaction absorbs free energy from the surroundings to power the reaction
What is an endergonic reaction?
Among the central dogma of DNA --> RNA --> Protein, elongation occurs during this process
What is transcription?
In microscopy, it is the ability to distinguish a specific object/cell from its background
What is contrast?
This type of isomer has atoms in a different order from the original molecule
What is a structural isomer?
This type of linkage holds the glycerol and fatty acid tails together in fat molecules
What are ester linkages?
This is what Aspirin and Ibuprofen are to each other which creates competition at active sites
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Transcription and translation are coupled in this classification of living organisms
What are prokaryotes?
This classification of cell-type is structurally simple, but very chemically complex
What are prokaryotic cells?
Hydrophobic molecules are held together by this type of chemical bond
What are non-polar covalent bonds?
This type of change occurs when an amino acid with different properties is swapped in the primary structure
What is a non-conservative change?
This is the exergonic (energy-releasing) process that produces ADP and phosphate
What is ATP hydrolysis?
These are the classifications of the base-pair groups [Adenine, Guanine] and [Thymine, Cytosine] respectively
What are purines and pyrimidines?
This domain of organisms does NOT possess circular chromosomes
What is Eukarya?
This is what you call a molecule with a carbonyl functional group in the middle
What is a ketone?
The type of glucose ring that has hydroxyl groups facing opposite sides [and the type you can eat]
What is β-glucose?
This is what prof Dr. Christensen-Dalsgaard wanted to demonstrate by standing on a table
What is the principle of potential energy?
What a protein is before it is folded into secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structures
What is a polypeptide?