Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Replication
Transcription
Translation
100
An enzyme that brings CO2 into the Calvin Cycle.
What is rubisco?
100
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? (Doesn't have to be balanced)
C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + ATP
100
Regions of DNA that are not coded.
What are introns?
100
Is the template strand always the same?
Yes!
100
What types of RNA are involved?
What is mRNA and tRNA.
200
The process plants use to get energy.
What is cellular respiration?
200
The final electron acceptor.
What is O2?
200
Replication of DNA is necessary before what key processes?
Mitosis and meiosis
200
Where does the RNA polymerase first bind in transcription? In translation?
Transcription: promoter Translation: start codon
200
The order in which a new tRNA moves through the sites in the ribosome.
A (arrival), P (polymerization), then E (exit) site
300
A plant that has little access to water would be expected to carry out what type of light reaction?
Cyclic - H2O provides a continuous flow of electrons that is needed for non-cyclic, but in cyclic electron transport, electrons are reused.
300
In what step(s) is ATP produced? In what step(s) is ATP not produced?
ATP is produced in glycolysis, citric acid cycle and chemiosmosis. ATP is not produced in pyruvate oxidation.
300
What are the two functions of DNA polymerase in replications?
Add nucleotides at the 3' end and proofreads.
300
What three types of molecules are involved?
The DNA being transcribed, free RNA nucleotides, and the enzyme RNA polymerase
300
What does "redundancy" mean in respect to the genetic code?
There are 64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids. Some amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon. Example: 6 different codons encode arginine
400
In non-cyclic electron transport, how are electrons re-energized? Where does this occur? Where do the electrons go? What is this an example of?
Re-energized by light in photosystem I and are transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH. This is an example of reduction.
400
If a cell has no access to O2, what process might it carry out? What are the products of this process ALONE?
Fermentation to produce NAD+ Where does ATP come from?
400
How is pre-RNA modified to become RNA?
Introns are removed, poly-A tail and 5' cap are added.
400
In what direction are RNA nucleotides added in the RNA transcript?
In the 5' to 3' direction (nucleotides are added to the 3' end)
400
A segment of DNA has base pairs A, G and T (in that order). What is the corresponding anti-codon?
A, G and U
500
What happens to ATP and NADPH in the Calvin Cycle?
ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP NADPH is oxidized to NADP+
500
A small animal lives in an area with very little drinking water available. Can it survive? If so, how would it get its water?
Yes, H2O is a product of cellular respiration. By eating food it can get water!
500
A plant cell has an incorrect signal sequence for transporting newly synthesized rubisco. In this cell, where would this enzyme be found? Where would it normally be found? What would the consequences be?
Rubisco would remain in the cytosol, instead of being transported to the chloroplast. The carbon fixation reaction of photosynthesis could not occur. This cell would likely die.
500
What direction does RNA polymerase move on the DNA template strand?
In the 3' to 5' direction
500
In initiation, what must occur before the large ribosome subunit can bind to the small subunit?
After the small subunit reaches the first start codon and the first tRNA has bound.
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