Cell Structure(Ch.6)
What is the Mitochondria?
THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL (site of cellular respiration)
What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
Support and motility!
Do proteins move in the membrane or are they stationary?
They move!
What is the sign on the Delta G of a spontaneous process?
negative! Spontaneous = -DeltaG
Are enzymes used up when they catalyze reactions?
Nope! They stick around
What is the jelly like substance throughout the cell?
Cytosol
What are larger Cillia or Flagella?
Flagella!
What is it called when something has both a hydrophillic and hydrophobic end?
Amphipathic
Name three forms of energy from this chapter.
Chemical, Thermal, Kinetic, Potential, or Mechanical
What do enzymes do to a reaction? (Think about the energy diagram of a reaction with enzymes vs one without them)
They lower the activation cost of a reaction!
Where is the genetic material of a prokaryote stored?
Nucleoid
What is the function of Microtubules in regards to reproduction of the cell?
Chromosome movement during cell division. Pg.113
What types of proteins are used in passive transport?
Carrier proteins and Channel proteins.
What is the formula for Delta G?
Delta G = Delta H - T(Delta S)
H is enthalpy
S is entropy
T is temp in kelvin
Can an enzyme change the sign on a Delta G of the reaction?
NO! Enzymes only affect activation energy not beginning or end states that are used to calculate Delta G!
This organelle is full of digestive enzymes.
Lysosome
What are Microfilaments made of?
Actin Filaments Pg.113
What does cholesterol in the cell membrane change it at low and high temps?
Cholesterol acts as a buffer and keeps the membrane fluid at low temps and constrains movement at high temps.
What process is used to break up ATP and what are they biproducts? (three products)
Hydrolysis
products --> ADP, P(i), and heat
What happens to an enzyme if the temperature gets too high?
They denature, meaning they lose their shape and no longer function properly.
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis within the cell?
Ribosomes (Rough Er as well but that's because ribosomes make it rough.)
What are Centrioles made out of?
Microtubles Pg.113
Active transport is the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient. It is paid for in two methods 1. ATP 2. Cotransport (using a high to low gradient to help drive a low to high gradient.)
Is this formula exergonic and endergonic? What is the Delta G?
Delta H = 19070 calories
Entropy = 90 cal
T = 293 Kelvin
It is exergonic and the Delta G is
around –7.3Kcal or -7300 Calories.
How does allosteric inhibition and activation work?
During activation, an activator molecule binds to the enzyme, stabilizing it and allowing substrate to enter activation sites.
During inhibition an inhibitor molecule binds to a site on the enzyme that changes the shape of the enzyme into a non-function state that prevents substrates from entering active sites.