Cell Reproduction
Two matched sets of chromosomes
What is diploid
The ploidy of the cells at the end of mitosis
What is haploid
Signaling from distant cells, which generally produces a slower response with a long-lasting effect
What is Endocrine Signaling
The overall purpose of cellular respiration
What is creating ATP from glucose
The number of cycles required to make one glucose molecule from the Calvin Cycle
What is 6
The interphase phase in which DNA synthesis occurs
What is S phase
What is cell plate
The type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group
What is a kinase
The purpose of fermentation for the body
What is recreating NAD+ under anaerobic conditions to be able to continue glycolysis
The location of the light reaction of photosynthesis
What is the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
Phase where the kinetochore attaches the chromatids to the spindle microtubules
What is prometaphase
The phase where the synaptonemal complex holds the chromosomes in synapsis and crossing over occurs
What is Prophase I
Type of ligand that can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane and interact with internal receptors
What is small hydrophobic ligands or steroid hormones
This coenzyme acts as an electron carrier by accepting electrons during redox reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, becoming reduced to NADH.
What is NAD+
Two complexes of Photosynthesis that pass light energy to chlorophyll a molecules and excite electrons, passing them to an electron acceptor
What is PSII and PSI
Checkpoint that ensures all chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged
What is Gap2 (G2) Checkpoint
A form of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two identical daughter cells.
What is binary fission
Type of receptor where the inside of the membrane has three subunits that will dissociate and trigger a cellular response
What is G-protein linked receptor
The impact of the citric acid cycle if the cell has high levels of ATP, NADH, and succinyl CoA
What is a decrease in the citric acid cycle
One of three stages of the Calvin Cycle that uses ATP and NADPH to add electrons to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and create G3P
What is reduction
Type of gene that is a positive cell cycle regulator PLUS the name of this gene type when it is mutated
Life cycle in which the fertilization of gametes forms a diploid zygote and diploid organism. Then, specialized cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores, which form haploid organisms. The following generation is again diploid.
What is alternation of generations
Method of signal propagation when two receptors bind to one another and form a more stable complex
What is dimerization
This process uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.
The protein in the second electron transport chain that moves electrons from PSI to NADP
What is Ferredoxin