Key words
what are two types of starch synthesized by plants. Their function is to store energy.
Amylose and amylopectin
What are sugars
organic molecules
what are the health impacts of Polyunsaturated fats
May minimize the risk of heart disease
what is lactose formed from and what kind of linkage does it have
glucose and galactose
beta bond linkage
what is the Benedict Solution for
To test for simple carbohydrates like glucose
what has a branched structures that help store large amounts of energy.
Amylopectin
All sugars have a six-sided structure except...?
ribose and deoxyribose sugars, which have five
Compare the structure of cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids
CIS
H’s on the same side of the double bond
This bends the shape of the molecule.
TRANS
H’s on opposite sides of the double bond. This results in an overall linear shape.
where is insulin produced?
the pancreas
what is the Glycosidic Bond
When two sugars combine and link together
what has more than two and less than ten of the monosaccharides linked together.
Oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides are...?
single sugar molecules
Compare 2 properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated
maximum number of C-H bonds→ only have single covalent bonds + are reliable linear Saturated fats come from animals
no double bond
straight structure
solid at room temp
Unsaturated
have double covalent bonds→ affects their shapes
Monosaturated - have only double bonds
Polysaturated - have multiple double bonds.
explain the structure of Glycogen and why it is shaped like that
glycogen stores glucose in cells with high concentration. Its many branches give easy access to glucose.
The ABO blood group system is based on the presence of specific...?
glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells
what are molecules are the main component of fats and oils
Triglyceritde
When two link together through condensation, they form...?
disaccharides
Outline why lipids are more suitable for long-term energy storage
- store more energy per gram than carbohydrates with one gram providing 9 kcal compared to carbohydrates' lesser 4 kcal
- Additionally, lipids are compact and lack heavy water content like glycogen, allowing them to store more energy efficiently in less space, making them ideal for long-term energy storage in the body
What is BMI
Formula = weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
Outline the formation of triglyceride
Glycerol combines with three fatty acids to form triglycerides, vital for long-term energy storage and critical components of fats and oils.
short version=
3 chains of fatty acids + 1 molecule of glycerol
what is a cholesterol (or lipid profile) blood test looks at the levels of cholesterol and other fats in your blood. You might need this test if your doctor wants to assess your risk of heart disease and stroke.
Fasting lipoprotein tes
These can further link to form polysaccharides; examples of each include… (three examples for each)
Monosaccharide
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Disaccharide
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
(need to get all 4 to get the points)
fill in the blanks:
Trans fats have been ... in a way so that they don’t go ... - created a more ... - technically, this type of ...
synthesized
rancid
stable structure
unsaturated fat
(must get all correct to get points)
fill in the blanks:
Cellulose chains group together and form ... These have high ... and make up the basis of ...
microfibril bundles
tensile strength
cell walls
what do each of these symbols represent
Equation:Q=mcT
Q: energy released
M: mass of water heated (1 cm3=1g)
C: specific heat capacity (energy needed to raise 1g by 1C)
T: change in temperature
*For water its specific heat capacity (c) *