a
a series of molecular changes that convert a signal on a cell’s surface, or within a cell, to a specific response within the cell.
signal transduction
what process is used for the repair and replacement of cells?
cell division
in human somatic cells, how many chromosomes are present?
2n=46
in which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator?
metaphase
crowded cells stop dividing
density dependent inhibition
true or false:
Cells will respond selectively to different signaling molecules
true
true or false: more than one signal is necessary for many cell processes.
true
what are the 2 phases of the cell cycle?
interphase and mitotic phase
in which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope form around chromosomes at each pole, establishing daughter nuclei.
telophase
what type of cells escape controls of the cell cycle?
cancer cells
which neurotransmitter signals skeletal muscles to contract?
acetylcholine
produces offspring that are identical to the
original cell or organism and
involves inheritance of all genes from one
parent.
asexual reproduction
division of cytoplasm
cytokinesis
proteins that stimulate division
growth factors
a growth that is not cancerous
benign
produces offspring that are similar to the
parents
sexual reproduction
method by which prokaryotes reproduce.
binary fission
during which phase of interphase do cells duplicate their chromosomes?
S phase
in which phase of mitosis do Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres?
anaphase
a growth that is cancerous
malignant
are prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells more complex?
eukaryotic
how many stages are present in binary fission?
3
which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear?
prophase
the need for cells to be in contact with a solid surface in order to divide.
anchorage dependence
Mutations to proto-oncogenes create cancer-causing
________________ that stimulate cell division.
oncogenes