CRISPR-Cas9
PCR
Sanger Sequencing
This vs. That
Misc.
100
The first step of CRISPR-Cas 9 is targeting. 

When does Cas9 recognize and bind to PAM sequence? 

100

There are three steps in PCR.

What is denature, anneal, and extend? 

100

There are several components in Sanger sequencing. 

What is the DNA template, primer (forward or reverse), dNTPs, ddNTPs, and DNA polymerase 

100

There are names given to the two phases of Meiosis (I and II).

What is reductional division and equational division? 

100

Crossing over creates genetic variation by this mechanism.

What is recombination of new alleles? 

200

The second step of CRISPR is binding. 

When does Cas9 unwind the double helix and sgRNA binds to the template strand (if it is complementary) to form a DNA/RNA helix?

200

What are the components of PCR?

What is the template DNA, forward and reverse primers, DNTPs, DNA polymerase, (and buffer)? 

200

This DNA technology is used in combination with sanger sequencing to interpret the results.

What is gel electrophoresis? 

200

Cohesin and shugoshin have two different roles.

What molecule holds sister chromatids together? What molecule protects cohesin?

200

Crossing over occurs during a phase in Meiosis.

What happens during Prophase I?

300
There are four components for CRISPR-Cas 9 gene editing. 
What is Cas9, sgRNA, PAM sequence, and DNA template strand? 
300

There are several uses of PCR. (Name two). 

What can be used to detect viruses or organisms?

What can be used for ancient DNA or for crime scene detection?

What can be used to detect genetic variation?

300

There is one main difference between ddNTPs and dNTPs. 

What is the hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon?

300

Cohesin and shugoshin are broken down during different phases of meiosis. 

C: What happens at the end of metaphase II? 

S: What happens at the end of anaphase I? 

300

Independent assortment occurs during a specific phase in Meiosis.

What happens during metaphase I? 

400
After binding, CRISPR Cas9 performs the third step.

What is cleaving? 

400
PCR is completed for one primary purpose/has one main advantage.

How can you make billions of copies of DNA within just an hour 

400

Extension stops during Sanger sequencing everytime a certain molecule is incorporated. In the next cycle, it is able to continue because a different molecule is incorporated. 

What is a ddNTP? What is a dNTP?
400

There are three primary differences between mitosis and meiosis.

What has a single cell division vs. two cell divisions?

What creates cells with the same number of chromosomes vs. creates cells with half the original number of chromosomes? 

What produces genetically identical cells vs. produces genetically variable cells? 

400

There are four important properties of DNA. 

What is

  1. Negative charge 

  2. Double Stranded 

  3. Complementary Base Pairing  

  4. Antiparallel 

500

There are two techniques for DNA repair. 

What is homology directed repair and non-homologous end joining? 

500

There are several limitations of PCR (give 2). 

  • The sequence of the target region must be known in order to synthesize the primers

  • Contamination from other sources can be amplified too (worker’s skin cell)

  • Taq Polymerase cannot proofread so there are occasionally incorrect nucleotides incorporated

  • Taq Polymerase can only amplify up to a certain size fragment (usually ~2000 bp) 

500

If we read the gel electropheresis from bottom to top, a sequence is given. 

What is the 5' to 3' sequence of the complementary strand? 

500

There are two main differences between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. 

What is the product of DNA fertilization vs. the product of DNA replication? What is the ability for different alleles vs. identical DNA?

500

There are two processes involved in sexual reproduction.

What is meiosis and fertilization? 

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