During this type of respiration glucose is broken down into energy without using oxygen (i.e. Lactic Acid Fermentation, Alcoholic Fermentation)
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Charles Darwin
This process produces gametic/reproductive cells
Meiosis
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
False. Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound organelles. Ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm and DNA is coiled into a nucleoid region.
Genetic code is transcribed into mRNA in this organelle...
Nucleus
6CO2 + 6H2O ---light energy--> C6H12O6+ 6O2
is the formula for what reaction?
Photosynthesis
What are some methods used as evidence of evolution?
Fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryologic anatomy, biogeography, and direct observation
Note: Not all these methods were available to Darwin during his lifespan
What is the order of mitosis stages?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
(Please refer to module videos for detailed explanations)
Animal cells have no ____ or _____
Chloroplasts or cell walls
Examples of proteins include...
Enzymes, hormones, antibodies etc.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
ATP energy, Carbon Dioxide, and water
Think of the formula being opposite to photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration=
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What are four causes/principles of evolution?
Natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation
Traits that are equally expressed in an organism's phenotype (such as human blood type) are known as _______ _______.
Codominant traits
(Do not confuse this with incomplete dominance which allows a phenotype to express mixed traits of an allele at once i.e. pink flower petals from red and white parent plants)
Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, One subunit is made of protein and the other is ____
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Transcription converts ___ to ____, whereas translation converts _____ to ____.
DNA to mRNA,
mRNA to protein
During this stage of cellular respiration, 2 ATP are used to divide glucose into 2 three-carbon sugars called pyruvate. This stage occurs in the cell's cytoplasm.
Glycolysis
This occurs when one population that is separated into two groups by geographic barriers changes over time
Allopatric Speciation
Remember, speciation is how new plants or animals develop over time thanks to natural selection or other environmental factors
This scientist is known as the father of genetics...
Gregor Mendel
This part of the cell reads and translates mRNA codons after transcription occurs.
Ribosomes
Enzymes can act as ______ which speed up chemical reactions.
Catalysts
What is the typical net ATP yield of cellular Respiration?
36 ATP
Remember, 2 ATP are used to split glucose (during Glycolysis)
Organisms that suit the environment more are more likely to reproduce because of...
Natural Selection
Gametic cells (sperm and egg cells) only have one set of chromosomes as compared to somatic/body cells which have two sets of chromosomes. A cell with only one set of chromosomes is called...
A haploid cell
(Think hap= half the chromosomes of other cells, Diploid cells have two sets. The prefix di means two)
The two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum are _____ _____ ______ and _______ _________ _______
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (which is covered with ribosomes) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
This type of RNA helps decode mRNA sequences during translation...
tRNA (Transfer RNA)