DNA and RNA
tRNA- matches codon with correct amino acid
rRNA- structure of RNA
mRNA- carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome
All three are important for protein synthesis
What is the name of the chain that the amino acids form?
Polypeptide chain.
What are mutations and its purpose?
A permanent change to the DNA sequence of an organism. To produce something different (genetic variation) Can be harmful or beneficial.
What is the answer for the only meiosis question on the test?
Anaphase 2
What are traits?
Inherited, observable features
What are histones?
Coil around DNA to make a chromosome.
What and where is transcription?
Takes place in nucleus and carried out be enzyme RNA polymerase. Transcription is the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA. (DNA- mRNA)
Difference gametic and somatic?
Gametic are reproductive cells which are inherited. Somatic cells are the remaining cells in your body. These aren't inherited.
What letters are there for the monohybrid cross?
AB
BO
Where are the pairs of chromosomes found?
In the nucleus
What holds the bases together?
Hydrogen Bonds
What is a codon?
A sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid or stop signal.
What's the difference between DNA mutations and chromosomal mutations?
DNA mutations are a change in the sequence of nucleotides. Chromosomal mutations have a bigger affect because it affects the structure or number of the chromosomes.
What bases bind together in DNA and RNA?
A to T and C to G for DNA
A to U and C to G for RNA
Difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype is physical characteristics of an organism. Genotype is genetic code.
What is DNA made out of and what shape is it?
Made out of nucleotides and forms a double helix.
How does the tRNA know which is the right base to connect the amino acid to.
They read the bases in triplets and find what is complementary.
What are the 3 DNA mutations?
Insertions- extra base is added
Deletion- base is removed
Substitution- base is replaced with another base
How does DNA go to ___ in Transcription?
DNA goes to mRNA be unravelling the DNA to expose a gene.
What are the three different versions of genes?
Homozygous Dominant (RR), Homozygous Recessive (rr), Heterozygous (Rr)
What sugar present, bases, and number of strands are there in DNA and RNA?
DNA- Deoxyribose (sugar), Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (bases), 2 antiparallel (strands)
RNA- Ribose (Sugar), Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (bases), 1 (strand)
What is splicing and the purpose of it?
When you cut out the start/stop sequence and the introns. The purpose of splicing is to cut out the noncoding regions because the whole point of gene expression is to end up with a protein, so they have no purpose in creating a protein.
What are the 4 chromosomal mutations and there purposes?
Deletion- some genetic material breaks off
Duplication- extra copies of genes
Inversion- broken chromosome segment gets reversed 180 and reattached
Translocation- fragment from one chromosome breaks off and moves to a different chromosome.
A gene is a segment of DNA that has instructions for the making of a protein. More than 1.
What is an allele?
Different versions of a gene or DNA sequence that are located at the same place on a chromosome. You get one from your mom and one from your dad.