Biomolecules & Organelles
This biomolecule includes enzymes that speed up biochemical reactions.
What are proteins?
The shape of the DNA molecule is described as this.
What is a double helix?
This checkpoint ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding.
What is the metaphase (spindle assembly) checkpoint?
This process involves water diffusing through the cell membrane.
Osmosis
This scientist was born in 1809 and developed the theory of Natural Selection
Who is Charles Darwin?
Phospholipids form this critical structure, which is both fluid and selectively permeable.
What is the cell membrane?
This base pairs with adenine in DNA.
What is thymine?
Unlike mitosis, this process increases genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.
What is meiosis?
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their gradient using this molecule.
What is ATP?
Evolution that occurs rapidly in response to sudden environmental changes.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down cellular waste.
What is the lysosome?
The process by which a single gene can code for multiple proteins via alternative mRNA processing.
What is alternative splitting?
Sister chromatids separate during this stage of mitosis.
What is anaphase?
The engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane is called this.
What is phagocytosis?
This type of selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes.
What is stabilizing selection?
These two organelles contain their own DNA and are believed to have originated through endosymbiosis.
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?
In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes (AaBb × AaBb), this is the expected phenotypic ratio.
What is 9:3:3:1?
This protein structure anchors spindle fibers to chromosomes.
What is the kinetochore?
This organelle helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
What is the central vacuole?
This phenomenon explains why closely related species are often found in the same geographic area.
What is biogeography?
This type of reaction links monomers into polymers by removing water molecules.
What is a dehydration synthesis?
A mutation that changes a codon to a stop codon is known by this name.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Meiosis reduces chromosome number through these two sequential divisions without interphase in between.
What are Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
The term describing a solution that causes a cell to shrink due to water loss.
What is hypertonic?
A single population splits into two species without a geographic barrier in this type of speciation.
What is sympatric speciation?