at the cell
Life emerges at the level of...?
humans breed the chickens who produce the most eggs, resulting over time for population of chickens to all produce a great amount of eggs. What is this?
artificial selection
Atoms are the smallest individual units that have properties of an element.
Atoms are the smallest individual units that have properties of an element.
what are atoms?
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
4 classes of biomolecules are
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
What do enzymes do?
The three domains of life are domain bacteria, domain Archea, and domain Eukarya
The three domains of life are domain bacteria, domain Archea, and domain Eukarya
What are the three domains of life?
How beneficial or harmful mutations are depends on the environment.
Are mutations usually beneficial or usually harmful?
many complex chemical interactions. Everything that happens at the level of the cell is based on how molecules interact!
emergent property
They are molecules that have the same molecular formula (chemical symbols and subscripts indicating the numbers of atoms in a molecule or compound), but different structures.
what are Structural Isomers?
Denaturation is the process where proteins or nucleic acids lose their characteristic folded structure due to some external stress or compound
what is denaturation?
It must be testable
What is the main requirement for a scientific hypothesis?
They become resistant to antibiotics by mutations. They can also pass genes horizontal evolution by a couple ways such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
They become resistant to antibiotics by mutations. They can also pass genes horizontal evolution by a couple ways such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons
What do Ionic Bonds do?
Polymers are broken down into monomers using hydrolysis
Polymers are broken down into monomers using hydrolysis
How are polymers broken down?
No, Only the rate. Which is the speed of the reaction because enzymes work by reducing the activation energy which is only the start of the reaction.
Do enzymes change the amount of energy added or released by bonds being formed or broken?n.
has an effect on the dependent variable.
The independent variable _______________________.
are electrons in the outermost electron shell surrounding an atom that can participate in bonds. Bonds between atoms help each atom complete its octet by donating, accepting, or sharing valence electrons.
What are Valence electrons?
is where polypeptides are associated into a functional protein. R-group interactions and same interactions as tertiary structure.
Quaternary Structure
If carbon gains a neutron it becomes an isotope
What would happen if carbon gained a neutron?