Vocab
What is a polymer and a dimer
Polymer - A large molecules composed of similar subunits joined via covalent bonds (poly means many)
Dimer - two monomers bonded together (di means two)
What are amino acids and what are they made of
a monomer of a protein
Consists of a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxylic acid, and a variable R group
What are the functions of carbohydrates
Short term energy storage
Example of monomer and polymer
Monomer: Glucose
Polymer: Cellulose
What is a substance
REACTANT (starting materials in the chemical reaction)
What is a macromolecule
Larger molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
Macro = Large
Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules-therefore life on earth is considered carbon based
What order do the structures go in
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Which Protein shape involves multiple polypeptide chains
Primary
Tertiary
Secondary
Quaternary
Quaternary
What are the 3 elements
C H O
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is an active site?
Binding location on the enzyme where substrate attaches
What is a lipid
molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) and make up the fats, oils and waxes.
What is the function of a protein
Structure and transport
The monomer of a carbohydrate is a ...
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Triglyceride
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
What is a monomer and what makes up a monomer
a small subunit that composes polymers (mono means two)
various elements including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Why do enzymes need a specific temperature and pH?
Different enzymes have ideal conditions that they work best in
Drastic changes from these conditions → DENATURATION (Break down)
What is a triglyceride
What is a fatty acid
the monomer of a lipid consisting of one molecule of glycerol bonded to three fatty acids
a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on one end
What elements make up a protein
C H O N S
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
The monomer of MOST lipids is a ...
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Triglyceride
Amino Acid
Triglyceride
What are the functions of DNA and RNA
DNA: create proteins and transmit information from one generation to the next
RNA: act as a messenger and assist during protein synthesis
Are lipids polar or nonpolar
nonpolar
What is the function of lipids
Long term energy storage
Cushioning and insulation
Structure for cell membrane
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme
Protein
Which statement best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in a cell membrane
A. Single Layer with all heads pointing in the same direction
B. A double layer with the hydrophilic heads pointing inward and the hydrophobic tails pointing outward
C. A double layer with the hydrophilic heads pointing outward and the hydrophobic tails pointing inward
D. A random arrangement of individual phospholipids
C
What are enzymes
How do they work
What impacts them
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions for life
They bind to a specific molecule called subsrates
Temperature, pH, Substrate Concentration
How do phospholipids arrange themselves to create a cell membrane
Bilayer- the hydrophilic heads form the outer membrane (hydrophobic tails on the inside)