Energy & Enzymes
The molecule known as the “energy currency” of the cell.
What is ATP?
The flow of genetic information in cells.
What is DNA → RNA → Protein?
The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
What is the cell?
Different versions of the same gene.
What are alleles?
The process that captures sunlight and stores it in glucose.
What is photosynthesis?
The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?
The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication.
What is helicase?
The organelle known as the “powerhouse of the cell.”
What is the mitochondria?
The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during this stage.
What is Anaphase I?
The first step of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen.
What is glycolysis?
This model explains how enzymes change shape slightly when binding substrates.
What is the induced-fit model?
Short DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand during replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This stage of mitosis is when chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
A Punnett square for Bb × Bb predicts this phenotype ratio.
What is 3 Dominant : 1 Recessive?
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
Extreme heat or pH causes enzymes to lose this essential feature.
What is their three-dimensional shape?
RNA processing in eukaryotes includes these three modifications. (2/3)
What are a 5′ cap, poly-A tail, and intron removal?
This organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This process during Prophase I increases genetic variation.
What is crossing over?
The stage of cellular respiration that produces the most ATP.
What is the electron transport chain?
This is a common misconception about enzymes?
What is add energy to reactions?
They do not.
This is how mutations can change protein function.
What is alter amino acid sequence and protein shape?
Reasons why meiosis—but not mitosis—creates genetic diversity.
What is crossing over and independent assortment occurs in meiosis?
Why are males more likely to express X-linked recessive traits?
What is males have only one X chromosome?
How photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on each other.
What is the products of one are the reactants of the other?