Cell Structure & Microscopy
A cell image measures 36 mm. The actual cell is 12 µm.
What is the magnification (×3000)?
This molecule gives a purple colour with the Biuret test .
What is protein?
This process moves fatty acids and glycerol into the lacteals.
What is diffusion?
This palisade mesophyll adaptation maximises photosynthesis by increasing light absorption.
What is having many chloroplasts?
An individual with genotype Tt is described as this.
What is heterozygous?
Explain why electron microscopes cannot be used to observe living cells.
What is because they require a vacuum and heavy metal staining kills cells?
The test used to identify reducing sugars.
What is Benedict’s test?
Explain why bile does not digest fats but is essential for lipid digestion.
What is it emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase?
This variable must be controlled when investigating light intensity using pondweed.
What is temperature (or carbon dioxide concentration)?
This term describes genes located on the same chromosome.
What is linkage?
Calculate actual size: magnification ×400, image size 80 mm.
What is 0.2 mm (200 µm)?
This bond forms between glycerol and fatty acids during lipid formation.
What is an ester bond?
Explain how villi adaptations increase rate of absorption.
What is large surface area, thin epithelium, good blood supply?
Describe the role of magnesium ions in photosynthesis
What is magnesium is a component of chlorophyll?
Define continuous variation and give one example.
What is variation with a range of values, e.g. height?
Explain why mitochondria are more numerous in muscle cells than in skin cells.
What is because muscle cells need more energy for contraction?
Describe the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA structure.
What is they hold complementary base pairs together?
Explain why the pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
What is it releases hormones and digestive enzymes?
Explain how nitrate deficiency affects plant growth and leaf colour.
What is reduced protein synthesis leading to stunted growth and yellow leaves?
Explain why variation is important for natural selection.
What is allows some organisms to survive environmental changes?
Explain how structure and function are linked in red blood cells, villi, and alveoli.
What is large surface area, thin walls, short diffusion distance, efficient exchange?