HUMAN ANATOMY
What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin
How many chambers are in a mammal's heart?
Four
What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?
The femur
What is the primary cell unit of the nervous system responsible for transmitting electrical signals?
Neuron
Which organ produces bile to help break down fats during digestion?
Liver
Which structural protein forms the main component of hair and nails?
Keratin
What is the specialized muscular stomach organ birds use to grind down hard food?
The gizzard
How many bones make up the adult human skeleton?
206
Which part of the brain controls balance, coordination, and posture?
Cerebellum
Where in the human body is urine stored before excretion?
Urinary bladder
What is the name of the fluid that lubricates freely movable joints?
Synovial fluid.
What is the multi-chambered stomach section in ruminants (like cows) where fermentation primarily occurs?
The rumen
What is the common name for the patella?
Kneecap
Which part of the brainstem regulates involuntary functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?
Medulla oblongata
Which gland in the neck regulates metabolism by secreting hormones like T3 and T4?
Thyroid gland
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?
Cranial Nerve II (Optic nerve).
What sensory organ along the sides of fish detects movements, vibration, and pressure changes in water?
The lateral line system
Which anatomical joint type allows for the greatest range of movement (e.g., shoulder and hip)?
Ball-and-socket joint (diarthrodial/synovial)
What protective fatty sheath wraps around axons to speed up electrical nerve impulses?
Myelin sheath
Which endocrine gland, often called the "master gland," sits at the base of the brain and directs other glands?
Pituitary gland
What is the functional anatomical unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?
The nephron
Which organ in bony fish controls buoyancy in the water column?
The swim bladder
Which two bones make up the forearm?
Radius and ulna
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?
Sympathetic nervous system
What endocrine structure sitting atop each kidney releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol?
Adrenal gland