Microscopes/Scientific Method
Macromolecules
Cell Theory
Organelles
Cell Energy
100
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
What is:
The light microscope allowed scientists to view actual cells for the first time
100
The six main chemical elements (NCHOPS) that make up most living things are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S).
These elements are combine to form large, complex organic molecules, or biomolecules.
Name them:
What is:
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids,.
100
What is Robert Hooke known for?
What is:
Robert Hooke is most known for discovering cells in 1665, and coining the term "cell" for the small structures he observed in cork under his microscope. i
100
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?
What is :
Lipids
100
What organelle is referred to as the powerhouse of cells?
What is:
mitochondria.
Both plants and animals have mitochondria because these organelles are essential for cellular energy production. Mitochondria, known as the "powerhouses of the cell," generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration, which provides the energy needed for all cell functions in both plant and animal cells
200
Identify the microscope in which visible light passes through the specimen. Light and is bent through the lens system, allowing the user to see a magnified image. A benefit of this microscope is that it can often be performed on living cells, so it’s possible to watch cells carrying out their normal behaviors such as migrating or dividing.
What is a light microscope!
200
Identify the Macromolecule:
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What is nucleic acid.
They contain genetic/hereditary information.
200
Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow are the main contributors to what theory?
What is the cell theory.
200
The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?
What is:
Protein
Proteins are long chains of amino acids folded into specific shapes, which determine their properties and reactivity.
200
What is a chloroplast? What type of organism has it?
What is:
A chloroplast.
Organisms with chloroplasts include land plants and photosynthetic algae, which use them to perform photosynthesis and produce their own food. Some protists like the Euglenoids also possess chloroplasts, but humans and other animals do not
300
Can you view live cells with an Electron Microscope?
Electron microscopes uses a beam of electrons rather than a beam of light to produce an image of a specimen.
Electron microscopes can be used to examine not just whole cells, but also the subcellular structures and compartments within them.
For example of electron microscope use is the detailed, three-dimensional surface imaging of samples, like the intricate details of a flea's face, using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Another example is Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) used to see & Study internal structures of cells such as organelles.
One limitation, however, is that electron microscopy samples must be placed under vacuum in electron microscopy (and typically are prepared via an extensive fixation process).
What is:
Live cells cannot be imaged with an Electron Microscope. 
In the image above, you can compare how Salmonella bacteria look in a light micrograph (left) versus an image taken with an electron microscope (right). The bacteria show up as tiny purple dots in the light microscope image, whereas in the electron micrograph, you can clearly see their shape and surface texture, as well as details of the human cells they’re trying to invade.
300
Identify the macromolecule:
CHO in the ratio 1:2:1
Function: Energy
What is carbohydrate
300
- The cell theory describes the basic properties of all cells.
- Tell what it states.
What is:
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All new cells arise from existing cells.
300
What eukaryotic cell has a cell wall?
What is:
Eukaryotic cells that have a cell wall include plants, fungi, and some protists (like algae), while animal cells do not have a cell wall.
The composition of the cell wall varies between these groups; plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose, fungal cell walls contain chitin, and algae have walls composed of various polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
300
What is metabolism?
What is:
Metabolism refers to all the life-sustaining chemical reactions within an organism's cells, which work to create energy, build and repair cells, and eliminate waste.
It includes two fundamental processes: catabolism, the breakdown of complex molecules to release energy, and anabolism, the use of energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.
400
Can you use a Stereoscopic Dissecting microscope to observe living or dead organisms?
A dissecting microscope is also known as a stereo microscope or stereoscope. It is a low-power optical instrument used for observing three-dimensional objects and performing tasks like dissection or detailed inspection of larger specimens.
Yes, you can use a stereoscope (also known as a dissecting or stereo microscope) to observe live animals, particularly small ones. This tool is ideal for this purpose because, unlike a compound microscope, it provides a three-dimensional view and allows for the examination of entire, opaque specimens without the need for slides or special preparation.
400
Identify the macromolecule:
CHO
Function: Stored energy (Not primary source), 
What is:
Lipids.
Example: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
They are vital for life, functioning as energy storage, providing structural support for cell membranes, enabling the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, facilitating hormone production, and insulating the body.
400
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
What is:
Prokaryotic cells are simple. They lack membrane bound organelle and nucleus.
- Examples: Organisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex. They have membrane bound organelles & nucleus.
- Examples: Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes.
400
What is the difference between plant and animal vacuoles? 
What is:
Vacuoles
Plants usually have one large/central vacuole where as animals are smaller and more numerous.
Plant vacuoles functions include: Storage tanks for water, nutrients, waste and help maintain turgor pressure. (Turgor pressure is the hydrostatic pressure exerted by water within a plant cell against its cell wall
400
All living things need energy.
Chemical energy stored within organic molecules such as sugars and fats is transferred and transformed through a series of cellular chemical reactions into energy within molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Energy in ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work.
Give at least 2 examples of how ATP is used by the cell.
What is:
Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscles to create movement.
500
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
What is:
The experiment is lacking a control group.
Carmen should have also taken the pulse of people who were NOT listening to any music to make sure that a person’s pulse rate would not change randomly.
500
Identify the macromolecule:
What is:
Protein
Example: Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. It's role is to transport oxygen in the blood.
The primary structure of each subunit of hemoglobin has s specific shape and binds to oxygen.
Analogy:
Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen and exists within each red blood cell. If your red blood cell was a vehicle, hemoglobin is in the driver's seat
500
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
What is:
Cells form through spontaneous generation. It was once believed that cells could form on their own. We now know that cells must form from preexisting cells.
500
Two part question:
1. What is the main job of a ribosome?
2. What kind of cell has ribosomes? (Prokaryote or Eukaryote).
What is:
The main job/function is to produce proteins.
Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes.
Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller (70S) and lack an enclosing membrane, whereas eukaryotic ribosomes are larger (80S) and are found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, in addition to within mitochondria and chloroplasts
500
Do plants have mitochondria?
Explain your answer.
What is:
Yes, plants have mitochondria. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells because they are essential for generating ATP, the primary energy source for all cellular activities, through a process called cellular respiration. Even though plants use chloroplasts for photosynthesis, they still need mitochondria to produce energy, particularly during periods without sunlight or for energy-intensive processes.