Cell Misc.
These are found in the bilayer are categorised as: Carriers-provide pores to for diffusion, Channels–facilitate diffusion or active transport, and Pumps–actively transport substances.
What are integral proteins?
The location of the DNA and controls cell activity.
What is the purpose of a cell's Nucleus?
This organelle contains the chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is chloroplast?
This is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that break down glucose and transfer its energy into ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
These molecules contain a sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base. They join onto the DNA strand after it has been
This is required to transport substances against the concentration gradient (ie.low to high concentration); through carrier proteins found in plasma membrane, that are specialised in moving substances (ie. glucose molecules)
What is active transport?
This organelle in the cell is where there are a large number of ribosomes, which produce proteins.
What is ER?
The cells in this portion of the leaf are well adapted because they contain many chloroplasts and are close to the upper surface of the leaf where light intensity is high. The term means the defensive wall of middle leaf.
What is the Palisade mesophyll?
Because there is a need for quick energy and there is a lack of oxygen to produce ATP using aerobic respiration.
Why do cells switch to anaerobic respiration?
This phase of mitosis is when the chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from higher water potential to lower water potential.
What is osmosis?
This cell feature contains a phosphate head and lipid tails that allows the cell to seal itself from damage and perform endocytosis and exocytosis.
What is a Phosphate bilayer?
This portion of the leaf allows carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf, while guard cells control opening and closing, balancing gas exchange with water loss. It is also the site of the Calvin Cycle.
What are a stromata (plural) or stroma (singular)?
The products of this reaction are ethanol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP.
What are the products or anaerobic respiration in plant cells?
This describes how each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one newly made strand.
What is semi-conservative?
They are a large protein, their structure is formed by weak hydrogen bond of a polypeptide chain
What are Enzymes?
This specialised cell has a large number of mitochondria to produce ATP because it requires lots of energy.
What is a muscle cell
This portion of the chloroplast contain chlorophyll in the membrane and are the site of the light-dependent reaction.
What are thylakoids?
These are the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria. They help increase the efficiency of ATP production.
What are cristae?
Before mitosis takes place, in the interphase--S phase, this is copied.
This happens when high temperature or high pH meaning breaks hydrogen bonds that maintain the shape of the enzyme.
What is denatured?
This organelle function differs slightly in a plant verses an animal cell. It isolates materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell and exports unwanted substances. It also maintains a hydrostatic pressure (turgor) within cell and the internal pH of the cell. It also helps plants support their structure.
What is the function of a large vacuole?
In the stroma the Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to produce this product that is later broken down in cellular respiration to produce ATP.
What is glucose?
The sodium potassium pumps, active transport, are the first things to stop working when there is a low supply of ATP.
What would stop working with low supplies of ATP?
This happens in mitosis after the telophase the etymology of this word meaning is cell movement.
What is cytokinesis?