Biochemistry
Digestion and Circulation
Respiration and Muscles
Immunity and Blood
Excretion
100

What is a biological catalyst and what are they made of?

  • Enzymes and Protein
100

What is peristalsis?

 The way muscle contracts in the esophagus

100

Is vaping healthier than smoking?


  • Only for other people who     don't have to breath secondhand toxins anymore. So I guess, yes, it is?
100

How to macrophages kill invading bacteria?


  • Phagocytosis
100

What is the working unit of a kidney called? How many does each kidney have? 

  • Nephron 1 x 106
200

List three factors which influence enzyme rates

  • pH
  • Substrate concentration  
  • Temperature
200

Semi-lunar valves are between which 2 parts of the circulatory system?

 

Heart and arteries

200

What are the two proteins involved in muscle contraction, and what is the name of the model?

  • Actin, myosin, sliding     
  • filament theory
200

What resists a change in pH of Blood? Acting as a buffer?

  • Hemoglobin 
200

What does the rate of filtration in the glomerulus depend on? 

Blood pressure

300

What is the family of the nutrient considered responsible for the majority of heart disease?

Lipid

300

What are three functions of the liver?

  • Produce bile
  • stores glycogen
  • removes an amino group from     amino acids
  • creates urine
  • stores vitamins
  • detoxifies compounds like     alcohol
300

What is the normal value for blood pressure in a healthy teenager, and which is diastole?

  • 120mm/80mm, 
  • the lower of the two
300

What are the two distinct areas of an antibody called, and how do they function?

  • Constant region, variable region.
  • Each variable region has a shape that is complementary to a specific antigen, the markers of the antigen bind to the antibody and immobilize it.
300

List two compounds what should be retained and returned back to the blood in a healthy nephron?

Salts

Glucose 

Proteins

400

What is the chemical reaction which stores energy? Is this endo- or exothermic?

  • Endothermic
  • ADP+Pi = ATP 
400

Arterioles are connected to venules via?


  • Capillaries
400

If the pH of blood decreases, where in the brain are the chemoreceptors that can detect this? What happens to the rate of breathing?

  • Medulla obongata
  • increases
400

What is the function of a suppressor T-cell?

Which cell holds and imprint of the antigen?

  • Inhibits the immune systems response
  • Memory B cell
400

Kidneys maintain the pH of blood by excreting _______ and restoring ________ into the blood 


  • H+ and HCO-3 ions
500

Describe the 4 levels of protein structure 

  • Primary, secondary, tertiary     and quaternary 
    • 1: amino acid sequence
    • 2: Alpha helix/beta pleated
    • 3: Folding and cross bridges
    • 4: 2 or more tertiary      structures joined 
500

Outline the journey of a RBC through the heart, starting at the vena cava and ending with the aorta.  

  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle aorta
500

What happens to the pH of blood when CO2 dissolves in it, and which enzyme increase the rate of reaction?

 

  • Decreases - makes it more acidic
  • Carbolic anhydrase
500

If there is insufficient calcium in a persons diet, they will experience

 

decreased ability to form blood clots 


500

What are the substances transferred in the descending loop of Henle, and then the ascending loop of Henle. 

Water, sodium and Potassium IONS 

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