Thermoregulation
What does it mean if Q10 = 3?
The rate of reaction increases 3-fold with a 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature
What would this organism be termed as if:
Its osmolarity remains constant regardless of environmental changes
It exerts little control over its ion profile
It can tolerate a wide range of salinity
Osmoregulator, ionoconformer, euryhaline
Is parthenogenesis an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction (egg develops without fertilization)
What are the three caloric nutrients?
What is the countercurrent heat exchanger in tuna muscle called?
The rete mirabile (present in regional heterotherms)
Is the surface area:volume ratio greater for an elephant or a mouse?
A mouse
If an organism has tight junctions, would its epithelial cells use transcellular or paracellular transport?
Transcellular transport (movement through the cell rather than between cells)
A worm changes from male to female in response to environmental cues
What type of organism would it be termed as?
What are the two classes of essential fatty acids?
Alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid)
Would the urine of freshwater fish be concentrated or dilute?
Dilute
True or false: an ectotherm is ALWAYS a poikilotherm
False
An ectotherm can be a homeotherm as long as the environmental temperature always remains constant
What type of nitrogen compound do aquatic animals typically excrete?
Ammonia
What hormones of the anterior pituitary does GnRH regulate the release of?
FSH and LH
What do parietal cells secrete?
HCl
Renin
If a cell is placed in a cold environment, will its cell membrane increase or decrease saturation in the phospholipid tails?
Decrease saturation (more unsaturated tails) to avoid rigidity of cell membrane
In which region of the nephron is the primary urine the most concentrated?
At the bottom of the Loop of Henle (in the renal medulla)
What cells of the male reproductive system does FSH stimulate?
Sertoli cells (stimulate spermatogenesis)
What are the three sections of the small intestine? Where does most digestion occur?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Most digestion occurs in the duodenum
What does ACE do?
Converts angiotensin I (prohormone) to angiotensin II (active hormone)
What are the two methods of freeze avoidance?
Does vasopressin increase or decrease the amount of aquaporins in the collecting duct?
Increase
* vasopressin is also called antidiuretic hormone because it reduces excretion of water by increasing water uptake by body cells in the collecting duct
The spike of what hormone stimulates ovulation?
LH
Does leptin stimulate or suppress appetite?
Suppress
What hormone stimulates milk synthesis?
Prolactin (PRL)