Environmental Science-1st & 4th-Test 2 Review

Energy

100

On which side of the arrow will you find the products in a reaction?

the right side

200

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

CO₂ (carbon dioxide), H₂O (water), sunlight

300

The reactants in photosynthesis become the ______ in cellular respiration, and the products in photosynthesis become the ______ in cellular respiration.

products, reactants

400

Autotroph means "____-____" and heterotroph means "____-____".

self-feeder, other-feeder

500

Write out the balanced reaction for cellular respiration.

C₆H₁₂O_{6 +} 6O₂ ---> energy + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Carbon Cycle

100

True or False: Carbon is not a necessary element for life.

false

200

This form of carbon makes up the hard parts of bones and shells.

carbonates

300

Carbon sinks are also called carbon _______.

reservoirs

400

The short term carbon cycle involves what two reactions?

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

500

The long term carbon cycle involves carbon storage, carbonates, and carbon sinks. What is one example of a carbon sink?

limestone

Nitrogen Cycle

100

What percent of the earth's atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen?

78%

200

In what form must nitrogen be in order to be taken up by plants?

nitrates

300

What are the two ways atmospheric nitrogen can be converted into nitrates?

1.) bacteria in the soil changes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and more bacteria turns the ammonia into nitrates

2.) a lightning strike combined with rainwater

400

What is the chemical formula for nitrogen?

N₂

500

What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

NH₃

Phosphorus Cycle

100

How are animals able to take in phosphorus?

by eating plants or eating animals who have eaten plants

200

What happens when phosphorus settles in a body of water?

It accumulates as sediment and then becomes rock over time.

300

What is the biggest difference between the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles?

The nitrogen cycle involves the atmosphere (gas) while the phosphorus cycle does not. (Phosphorus rarely exists as a gas.)

400

What can contain both nitrogen and phosphorus and run off into a body of water?

fertilizer

500

When excess nitrogen and phosphorus enter a body of water, it can create an _______.

algal bloom

Ecosystems

100

The gradual process of change and replacement of some or all of the species in a community is _______ _______.

ecological succession

200

Occurs in areas that previously did not support life.

primary succession

300

This type of succession is likely to occur on rocks or sand dunes.

primary succession

400

Can occur as a result of a fire or a flood.

secondary succession

500

A final and stable community... it's able to resist change.

climax community