Stage 1
Process where a cell divides before growing too large
cell division
Different forms of a gene
alleles
bacteriophage
process which passes wanted traits on the next generation of organisims
selective breeding
Explain the steps of mitosis
Prophase, methaphase, anaphase, telophase
Type of chromosome which lacks nuclei, DNA molecules found in th cytoplams.
Type of chromosome located in the nucleus and made up of chromatin
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Helps predict the genotype and phenotype possible combination in genetic crosses
Chemical components of DNA
made up of nucleotides joined into a large strand by covalent bonds
some bacteria contain small circular DNA molecules known as:
plasmids
Name of every three letter word in mRNA
codon
cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes:
cell that contains a single set of genes:
diploid and haploid
Organisims that have two identical alleles for a particular gene
Homozygous
Job of enzymes during DNA replication
They unzip a molecule of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unwinding the two strands
Produced in bacteria to cut DNA molecules into precise pieces
restriction enzymes
Process of decoding of and mRNA message into a protein
translation
Mention the 3 types of regulatory proteins and give a brief description of each
Internal - respond to events inside the cell
External -direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle
Growth factors -stimulate the growth and division of cells
Case in which phrnotype produces by both alleles are clearly expressed
codominance
shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreaing size:
karyotype
Technique used to separate and analyze the different sized fragments of DNA
Gel electrophoresis
Group of genes that are regulated together
operon
Cells able to do everything
Traits controled by two or more genes
Polygenic traits
Types of mutations and brief explanation of each
point mutation - occur at a single point in the DNA sequence
chromosomal -changes in the # or structure of chromosomes
combines molecular biology with science information
bioinformatic
master control genes which regulates organs that develop in specific parts of the body
homeotic genes