GMO´S
__________ is the study of an organism’s genome.
Genomics
What is a PCR?
It is a technique used to make multiple copies of a segment DNA, generating a large amount of copies from a small initial sample.
What is electrophoresis?
Electrophoresis is an electrokinetic process which separates charged particles in a fluid using a field of electrical charge.
How do you clone DNA into a plasmid?
Cut open the plasmid and "paste" in the gene
What is a genome?
A genome is all the genetic information in a cell
Which is considered a powerful strategy for identifying human genes and understanding how they work?
Genomics
PCR Parts
DNA
Primers
Nucleotides
Polymerase
How does electrophoresis work?
An electric field is applied to molecules and as they are electrically charged themselves it results in a force acting upon them. The greater the charge of the molecule the greater the force applied by the electrical field and therefore the further through the support medium the molecule will move relative to its mass.
How are plasmids inserted into bacteria?
The piece of DNA or gene of interest is cut from its original DNA source
In which year was the HGP (Human Genome Project) completed?
The HGP was completed in 2003
_____________ is a large-scale study and cataloging of structure and function of proteins in the human body.
Proteomics
At what temperature does DNA get separated (denaturation)?
95C
Over a fixed period in electrophoresis which (smaller or larger fragments) moves further?
the smaller
What chemical is used to induce protein expression using a t7 expression?
The T7 RNA polymerase produced after induction specifically transcribes the coding sequence of the protein
In how many chromosomes is DNA organized?
DNA is organized in 46 chromosomes.
What is used as a vector to transfer the normal gene to the cell?
A virus
How many copies of the target DNA are made in the fourth cycle?
8
How is used the electrophoresis?
Used to separate DNA fragments according to their size.
Can plasmids be taken up by eukaryotes?
Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes.
A ____________ is a section of linked variations in the human genome.
Haplotype
What is it called to the variation that a DNA can have when a single nucleotide in the genome is changed?
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s)
What are the three steps that are made during a cycle?
DENATURATION.
ANNEALING
EXTENSION
How is gel electrophoresis used to separate DNA fragments?
After DNA is cut with a restriction enzyme, the DNA fragments are different sizes.
Can you PCR a plasmid?
If you are amplifying from a plasmid or simple template, there is very little chance for mis-priming.
___________ are tiny microscope slides or silicon chips that contain tiny spots of DNA fragments.
DNA microarrays