A
adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine in a strand of DNA
what makes up a nitrogenous base
The shape of DNA composed of two strands twisted together.
Double Helix
The process in which DNA in the chromosomes are copied.
DNA Replication
A type of RNA that brings instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
A Ribosome that binds to the MRna and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order
Ribosomal RNA
A type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into protein.
Transfer RNA
The organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
Transcription
A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid.
Codon
The process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
translation
mutation
the change in a single base pair in a DNA
point mutation
a mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from the DNA
frameshift mutation
a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen
nitrogenous base
adenine and guanine
purines
thymine, cytosine and uracil
pyrimidines
why are enzymes important
they control the chemical reactions needed for life.
what is the sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
what is the sugar in RNA
ribose
the process by which DNA in the chromosomes is copied.
DNA replication
when does DNA replication occur
during interphase before mitosis and meiosis
why is DNA replication important
without it new cells would only have half the DNA
a large molecule formed from smaller subunits that are bonded together
polymer
What does mRNA mean
Messenger RNA. An RNA molecule brings the protein from the DNA to the cytoplasm.
the process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a part of a DNA strand
transcription
the process of converting information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
translation