Life is Cellular
Who discovered bacteria using a single lens microscope with pond water samples and human mouth?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What breaks down lipids, old organelles, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules?
LYSOSOMES!
What is osmotic pressure?
What strengthens the stimulus and increases productivity?
Positive feedback
In contrast, the negative feedback homeostasis reduces the effect of the stimulus, decreasing productivity.
Who used microscope on non living slice of cork and named these chambers "cells"?
Robert Hooke
1.What did Theodor Schwann discover?
2.What did Matthias Schleiden discover?
1. Schwann discovered animals are made up of cells
2. Schleiden discovered plants are made up of cells
Microtubules & Microfilaments
What is Hypotonic and Hypertonic?
Hypotonic-Solution has lower solute concentration than the cell. A net movement of water molecules into cell cause it to SWELL. "below strength"
Hypertonic- Solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. A net movement of water molecules out of cell causes it to shrink "above strength"
How do cells communicate with one another?
Cells typically communicate using chemical signals.
What is the function of centrioles in mitosis?
The main function of centriole is to help with cell division in animal cells. The centrioles also help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during cell division (mitosis).
What are the three parts of cell theory?
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
What are small particles of RNA and protein throughout the cytoplasm in cells called?
RIBOSOMES
~They are involved in synthesis of proteins!
1. Does osmosis require energy?
2. Is it passive or active?
NO- it is passive transportation
what holds the cells together and allows small molecules carrying chemical messages/ signals to pass from one cell to next.
cellular junctions!
What captures energy from sunlight and converts it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis?
CHLOROPLASTS
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
1. Transmission: uses beams of electrons & can only pass through thin samples, cells and tissues need to be cut into ultra thin slices → that's why they appear flat and two dimensional.
2. Scanning: pencil like beam of electrons is scanned over specimen ; do not have to be cut super thin since it is scanned at surface of specimen. Three dimensional appearance.
In eukaryotic cells; proteins produced in Rough ER move next into what organelle?
GOLGI APPARATUS
"THE REAL OG"
RBC have protein carriers that allow glucose to pass through them in either direction, what kind of cell transport is this?
Facilitated Diffusion :)
A cell must have _____ , which a signaling molecule can bind too!
Receptor!
They can be found in cell membrane & some inside cytoplasm
Yes! Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of plant cells along with other organelles of the cell.
What type of cell does not have mitochondria?
prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and archaea do not have mitochondria!
RBC also don't have mitochondria FYI
What organelle has ribosomes on its surface?
ROUGH ER
What are water channel proteins called?
Aquaporins!
What is level of organization?
Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system
How is endocytosis different from exocytosis?
Exocytosis- Vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and forces the material to be expelled out of cell