Terminology
This type of reproduction method produce offsprings that are identical to each other and to the parents
Asexual Reproduction
What shape does DNA has?
double helix / twisted ladder
The nuclei of the two gametes fuse together to produce a single cell called a ....
What is zygote?
Dormant reproductive cells that act as dispersal units
What is spores?
When a eukaryotic cell is ready to divide, each strands of chromatin coils up into a compact X-like shaped called ______________. This structure carries the information to make proteins in the cells.
What is chromosomes?
Stores the genetic information of an organism
What is DNA?
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
sugar & phosphates
The cells from each parent that combine to produce the offspring
What is gametes?
The parent organism fragments into pieces, each of which evolve into a new organism
What is Fragmentation?
Microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division.
What is spindle fibers?
Pairs of chromosomes that have the same shape and size
homologous chromosomes
Write the complementary strand for this DNA:
TAC-AAG-CGT-TTG
ATG-TTC-GCA-AAC
Cells with half the normal number of chromosomes
What is haploid?
The cytoplasm splits into two daughter cells of equal size (genetically identical). Example: bacteria
What is binary fission?
Joined strands of the same genetic material that are separated during mitosis
What is chromatids?
Production of gametes
Reproduction of body cells
Mitosis
Meiosis
Which phases is NOT a part of mitosis?
interphase & cytokinesis
The process in which male and female gametes combine
What is fertilization?
A small unit of cells grows from the parent and later pinches off to become a separate cell. Example: Yeast.
What is budding?
_________ produce spindle fibers that attach to the centromere of the chromosome, and separate sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase.
What is centrioles?
Pros: little time and energy required to find mate
Cons: Gametes and embryo is unprotected
Large quantities of eggs required
List the 3 checkpoints and their main function.
G1: growth & nutrients
S: DNA replication
G2: last error check
If we begins meiosis with 86 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would you have by the end of meiosis I?
By the end of meiosis I, we have half the original chromosomes (haploid) -> 86/2 = 43 chromosomes.
New plants grow from a portion of the roots, stems, or leaves of an existing plant -> they are clones of the parent plants.
What is vegetation propagation?
Hold the sister chromatids together and plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis). Specifically, it is the region where the cell’s spindle fibers attach.
What is centromere?