DNA/RNA
Photosynthesis
Cells
Respiration
Mitosis/Meiosis
100
What is the structure of DNA and what are the three parts that make up a DNA strand?
Double Helix - Phosphate, five carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base pair (A-T, G-C)
100
What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs - self feeders - make food from carbon dioxide and energy source, known as producers Heterotrophs - other feeders - can not make their own food, known as consumers.
100
What are the two large group of cells and their definition?
Prokaryotes - no nucleus Eukaryote - have a nucleus.
100
Why do cells perform cellular respiration?
For the energy they need to carry out life's functions.
100
How do cells divide?
Through mitosis and meiosis
200
What is DNA replication and what is the process?
The DNA is copied. 1. DNA unzips, 2. Bases pair up with free nucleotides and complete new strands, 3. A backbone strand (sugar phosphate) is assembled.
200
What is the big picture of photosynthesis? What does it do?
Autotrophs use the suns energy to make carbohydrate molecules from water and carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen as a by product.
200
What are the key organelles in a cell?
Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, nucleus, Lysosomes, Ribosomes, endoplaslmic reticulum
200
What are the two kinds of cellular respiration and define them?
Aerobic - requires oxygen Anaerobic - with out oxygen
200
What are the 5 stages of mitosis and meiosis?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase/Cytokinesis.
300
What is RNA and how is the structure different than DNA?
Ribonucleic acid = Single strand nucleic acid that is involved in protein synthesis. Has uracil instead of thymine, made of ribose sugar group.
300
What are pigments?
a molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects others.
300
How do cells get around?
Cilia - short hair like structures Flagella - long tail like projections.
300
What are the three phases of aerobic respiration? Where does it happen?
Mitochondria 1. Glycolysis - break down sugar and energy is released 2. Krebs cycle - reactions that break down energy molecules. 3. Electron transport - energy is transferred to ATP.
300
How do Mitosis and Meiosis differ?
Mitosis - For growth, repair, replace, are identical to parent, takes place once. Produces two daughter cells. meiosis - produces 4 haloid cells, not identical to parent, has crossing over, random variation, happens twice
400
What are the two mutations discussed in class?
Chromosomal and gene mutations.
400
What is a chloroplast? Name the three parts of it.
Organelle that performs photosynthesis. Stroma, Thylakoid, Grana
400
What is active transport and passive transport?
active - uses cellular energy to move substances across a cell membrane. passive - movement of a substance across a cell membrane with out the input of the cells energy.
400
What are the two types of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?
Alcoholic fermentation - Lactic acid
400
What are asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual - reproduction with one parent. no variation sexual - reproduction with two parents. variation.
500
What are the two stages in protein synthesis called and their definition?
Transcription - DNA is copied Translation - information of nucleic acids are changed into information of proteins (amino acids)
500
What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis - absorbs energy Respiration - releases energy
500
What happens in Hypertonic solution, Isotonic solution, hypertonic solution and define osmosis?
Hypertonic - concentration of solutes outside is higher than inside cell. (shrinks) Isotonic - equal concentrations outside and inside of cell Hypotonic - concentration of solutes is lower than inside cell (gets bigger) Osmosis - form of passive transport - moves across a semipermable membrane.
500
What is the flow of food and energy in the biosphere.
Continuous flow of energy from the sun, through a series of organisms and back to the environment.
500
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
variation among organisms. Two parents produce a variety of offspring.
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