Macromolecules and Enzymes
Cells
Energy
DNA and RNA
Protein Synthesis and Mutations
100
What is the basic unit of a polymer?
A monomer
100
What cannot reproduce on its own?
Viruses
100
The production of _____ is the purpose of aerobic cellular respiration.
ATP
100
What is the monomer subunit of DNA and RNA called?
Nucleotide
100
What is the central dogma?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
200
What monomers make up proteins?
Amino acids
200
What organelle stores the genetic information necessary for making proteins?
The nucleus
200
What is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
sunlight + water + carbon dioxide --> oxygen + sugar
200
A chain of nucleotides make up...
Nucleic acids
200
______ are made out of chains of ___________.
DNA ; nucleotides
300
What INCREASES the reaction rate by LOWERING activation energy?
Enzymes
300
Proteins that are secreted from the cell are made in ribosomes that are on the __________.
Endoplasmic reticulum
300
What is the organelle where photosynthesis takes place?
Chloroplasts
300
What are the three components of nucleotides?
Phosphate, nitrogenous base, ribose/deoxyribose sugar
300
Transcription happens in the ________ while translation happens in the ___________.
Nucleus ; cytoplasm
400
What is the pH that enzymes work best in?
The optimum pH
400
What three things are characteristics of all all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
DNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane.
400
What are the three reasons why photosynthesis is so important?
1. Sugar for plants and animals that eat plants. 2. Oxygen for organisms to breath. 3. Takes in CO2 from the atmosphere.
400
What are the bonds that connect two strands of nucleic acids?
Hydrogen bonds
400
What are the steps of translation?
I. mRNA attaches to the ribosome and tRNA binds to the mRNA II. The ribosome moves down the mRNA exposing new codons for tRNA to bind to, a chain of amino acids begins to form III. The ribosome reaches a stop codon which causes the mRNA, tRNA, ribosome and polypeptide to detach from each other IV. The polypeptide begins to fold up to become a protein.
500
How would you slow down this reaction: maltose --> glucose
Remove maltose ; lower temperature ; change pH
500
The main role of the cell membrane is to maintain __________ by regulating what goes in and out of the cell.
HOMEOSTASIS
500
What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis releases oxygen, makes sugars, and takes in carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration takes in oxygen, requires sugars, and releases carbon dioxide
500
What base pairs with this sequence: AUGGACCAG?
UACCUGGUC
500
What tends to be worse, a frameshift or point mutation?
ANSWER?
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