Unit 1
The scientific study of life
What is biology?
Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
What is the cell wall?
The molecule that delivers usable chemical energy for almost all processes and reactions that a cell must undergo to survive.
What is ATP?
Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases.
What are nucleotides?
The maximum number of individuals an environment can support.
What is carrying capacity?
A cell that is simple, smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
What is a prokaryotic cell?
DNA surrounded by a protein shell that must invade another cell and use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself.
What is a virus?
When applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they do not use oxygen as part of the process of obtaining energy from glucose.
What is anaerobic?
2 scientist given credit for the structure of DNA molecules.
Who is Watson Crick?
The concentration of a pollutant is multiplied as it passes up the food chain from producers to consumers.
What is the biological magnification?
2 monomers bond together through a loss of a water molecule.
What is dehydration?
All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus (organelles + cytosol).
What is the cytoplasm?
A membrane-bound compartment in a plant cell that helps regulate the water content of the cell, store waste material and support the cell through internal pressure.
What is the central vacuole?
DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In its new home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies. It is important in puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of your cells.
What is DNA replication?
Total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
What is biodiversity?
Polymers are broken down into monomers by the gain of a water molecule.
What is hydrolysis?
Organelle inside the nucleus; produces RNA, which is used to make protein.
What is the nucleolus.
The point in a chromosome at which two chromatids are joined
What is the centromere?
The multi-molecular machine that copies DNA; includes DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and other enzymes.
What is the replisome?
Non-native species whose introduction is likely to cause environmental or economic harm.
What are invasive species?
Major sugar in milk.
What is lactose?
Packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell; small membrane-bound organelles.
What are lysosomes?
Molecules such as FADH2 and NADH that carry electrons from one part of a chemical process to another
What is an electron carrier?
The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
What is prometaphase?
The growth rate of a population slows then stops.
What is logistic growth?