The Endocrine System
The Nervous System
All about the Neuron
About the Brain
Methods of Discovery
100
What is endocrine system? **what is it comprised of and what does it do?**
The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream which regulate the body and behavior.
100
The Nervous System breaks down into two systems, what are they?
The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System.
100
What is another name for the cell body?
The soma
100
What is the name of the nerve bundle that connects the two brain hemispheres?
What is the Corpus Callosum.
100
This test involves pasting metal discs to your head that run through a cap in order to measure brain waves. It is often used in sleep studies. What is this test called?
What is an Electroencephalogram (EEG)
200
Name three glands that would be in the endocrine system.
Pineal gland Ovaries Testes Parathyroid Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas hypothalamus
200
The Peripheral Nervous System breaks down into two systems, what are they?
The Somatic and the Autonomic
200
What is the name of the gap between the myelin sheath?
The Nodes of Ranvier
200
What section of the brain is involved in the vital life support functions? The Hindbrain, Midbrain, or Forebrain?
What is the Hindbrain.
200
Name a type of test that take a picture or snapshot of the structure of the brain. These are good for peeking inside to see if there are any abnormalities or for preparing for surgery.
What is a Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT scan) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
300
Name three hormones.
estrogen prolactin progesterone oxytocin testosterone thyroxine adrenaline noradrenaline
300
True or false. Nerve cells are only located in the brain.
False. They are spread throughout the body.
300
What is another name for the Myelin Sheath?
Schwann Cells
300
Without looking at your notes, name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
What are the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and the parietal lobe.
300
Name 2 methods of looking at the function of the brain. These produce real time activity and both involve using a contrast dye injected into the bloodstream.
What is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) and a functional MRI (fMRI).
400
Explain the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones. (You can't say the "spelling")
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers delivered from neuron to neuron in the nervous system and travel quickly. Hormones are chemicals secreted by glands into the bloodstream and tend to take longer in their delivery method.
400
Explain the difference between the parasympathetic system and the sympathetic system?
the sympathetic system prepares you for an emergency or an event (test, asking someone out, a race...) by raising your heart rate, blood pressure or body temperature as needed and the parasympathetic system calms you back down and returns you to homeostasis.
400
What is name of the long tail-like single conducting fiber that the myelin sheath covers?
The axon
400
What are association areas?
Areas of the cerebral cortex that do not have specific sensory or motor functions. They comprise the core of your working memory and are involved in thinking, planning, remembering and communication.
400
Name two other methods of measuring what happens in the brain and what areas are associated with it happening. Not to include PET scans, MRI, fMRI, EEG, or CT scans.
What are accidents and electrical stimulation.
500
What gland controls the endocrine system?
The Hypothalamus
500
Give an overview of the nervous system without looking at any notes.
The nervous system breaks down into the CNS and the PNS. The CNS is the brain and the spine. The PNS are the rest of the nerves not located in those two parts (or everything else). The PNS is made of the autonomic system and the somatic system. The somatic system is responsible for voluntary movement and senses. The Autonomic system are those things that happen automatically like breathing, blinking, body temp, etc...The autonomic system is made up of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems which work together but do opposite things.
500
The neuron communicates through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Name three examples of a neurotransmitter.
GABA Acetylcholine Dopamine Glutamate Seratonin noradrenaline **this is present in both the hormones and the nuerotransmitters** **Will accept endorphins but they are "peptides" which can modify the behavior of a neurotransmitter**
500
1. Briefly explain what would happen if you damage either Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the brain. and 2. Explain a difference between the two areas.
1. Damage to either would likely result in aphasia-difficulty with specific aspects of understanding or producing language. 2. Broca's damage=difficulty speaking due to lack of facial control-slow laborious speaking with simple sentences. Frontal lobe. Wernicke's damage=difficulty understanding speech and often their sentences seem meaningless. Temporal lobe.
500
What is the name of the railroad worker who was impaled by a metal spear during an explosion?
What is Phineas Gage.
M
e
n
u