DNA/RNA
This molecule contains the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms and many viruses.
DNA
This organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it generates most of the cell’s energy.
What is the mitochondrion?
The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce is known as ___.
What is natural selection?
Photosynthesis occurs primarily in these organelles in plant cells.
What are chloroplasts?
This is the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material in a virus.
What is the capsid?
This base is found in RNA but is replaced by thymine in DNA.
What is uracil?
The protective outer layer of a plant cell, which is made of cellulose, is called the ___.
What is the cell wall?
This scientist is best known for his theory of natural selection and his book On the Origin of Species
Who is Charles Darwin?
The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis is called ___.
What is chlorophyll?
his method of reproduction in bacteria involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells.
What is binary fission?
This process involves the conversion of mRNA into a polypeptide chain, which folds into a functional protein.
What is translation?
This jelly-like substance that fills the interior of the cell and is where most cellular activities occur is called the ___.
What is the cytoplasm?
This type of evolution occurs when two or more species that are not closely related evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
What is convergent evolution?
In photosynthesis, this molecule is split to release oxygen during the light-dependent reactions
What is water (H₂O)?
This pigment is responsible for the green color in plants and plays a key role in photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
This sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA codes for a single amino acid during translation.
What is a codon?
This process, which occurs in the mitochondria, involves the conversion of glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
What is cellular respiration?
This type of selection occurs when individuals at both extremes of a trait’s variation are favored, while those with intermediate traits are selected against.
What is disruptive selection?
This molecule carries high-energy electrons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and helps in the production of ATP.
What is NADPH?
This type of protist, which includes organisms like Plasmodium, is known for causing diseases like malaria.
What is a parasite?
This phenomenon occurs when RNA sequences are read in different frames, leading to the production of different proteins.
What is alternative splicing?
This complex network of protein filaments and tubules helps maintain the shape of the cell and facilitates cell movement.
What is the cytoskeleton?
These structures in different species, such as the forelimbs of humans, birds, and whales, are similar due to shared ancestry and are examples of ___.
What are homologous structures?
This process, which occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, involves the movement of protons across the thylakoid membrane to generate ATP. This is known as ___.
What is chemiosmosis?
This protist group includes the slime molds, which exist as amoeba-like cells or as a mass of protoplasm.
What are mycetozoa (or plasmodial slime molds)?