neurons
Give an example of a channel that is permeable to two types of ions
Acetylchline channel in NMJ
What is the role of brainstem in the sleep/arousal?
Mention (4 points)
RAS
Midbrain activation leads to arousal
Meduall and pons activation lead to sleep
Bronchi contraction is conrolled by which autonomic nervous system region?
Parasympathetic
How many spindles are there in the vertebrate stretch receptor?
2-12
What are the pain receptors in the skin? and where are there found in it?
Naked dendrites
Upper epidermis layer
Where can we find unipolar neurons in human
embryo only
What is the brain part responsible for large scale movement?
medulla oblongata
Where does the spinal cord start and terminate in the embryo?
Starts from the foramen magnum
Terminates from L2-L3
What lobe of the hypothalamus contains the body thermostat?
Posterior
What type of neuroglial cells form CSF MOSTLY?
(only 1 is required and only 1 is accepted)
Ependymal cells
where are the neurotransmitters synthesized in the neuron mostly/ and minimally? providing your answers with examples
Mostly: synaptic terminals
Minimally: soma
Ex: all NTs are synthesized in the synaptic terminals except biogenic amines int the soma
what is the fifth lobe? and what is its function?
insula
used in some autonomic reflexes
Where are the cell bodies of the interneurons located in the spinal cord?
Dorsal horn
Capsacin is permeable to which ion
Ca2+
What neuroglia are found in the embryo to transmit the modified neurons to their place in the PNS?
radial glial cells
Dendrites carry nerve impulses to what part of a neuron
axon
what type of nucleus is present in white matter of the spinal cord TS?
What is the best place for general anesthesia in the brain Meningitis "Be precise"
N.B: Use the term (sub or epi) + Meningitis?
epidura
How could we inhibit pain?
Aspirin and ibuprofein (detailed mechanism)
Pons are found in the brainstem
This pons is formed in what -cephalon?
metencephalon
A place where A.P propogates bidirectional naturally
NMJ
Where are the short term memeory stored?
prefrontal cortex
What is the conditioned reflex?
Give at least one example.
The one that relies on previous experience
ex: saliva
Sensory-transducing cells that fire both graded potentials and action potentials are found in
A. vision.
B. gustation.
C. olfaction.
D. audition.
ANS: C olfaction
What is the function of the intracellular protein regarding the RMP
Upon reaching -90 or a close value, the negatively charged prtoeins attract the K+ and prevent it from exiting outside (EK)